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Flow Visualization
Flow Visualization
Flow Visualization
Flow visualization plays an important role in the understanding of fluid mechanics since seeing is believing and most of the fluids and their motions are invisible to human eyes. There are many techniques have been developed over the years to provide an eye-catching way to allow us to visualize the motions of fluids and their interactions with the surroundings.
Flow Visualization
Flow
visualization in fluid dynamics is used to make the flow patterns visible, In order to get a qualitative or quantitative information on them. Most fluids (air, water, etc.) are transparent, thus their flow patterns are invisible to us without some special methods to make them visible.
Methods of visualization
In this technique the surface can be coated with the thin layer of a material/ oil , which the interaction with the fluid flow, develops a certain visible pattern.
such as smoke or ink, can be added to a flow to trace the fluid motion. We can illuminate the particles with a sheet of laser light.
Particles Smoke
Positive Jet
Chimney
All depend of the fact that the speed of light and the index of refraction varies with the density of fluid flow.
Schlieren Photography
Schlieren photography is a visual process that is used to photograph the flow of fluids of varying density. Invented by the German physicist August Toepler in 1864 to study supersonic motion. It is widely used in aeronautical engineering
It produce a parallel beam of light which passes through the test section.
The rays then pass through lens2 and produce an image. Then image is cut off by knife edge and block half the light at the focal point Beyond the cut off is a lens3 which forms an image of the flow on the screen. Screen record this image
Schlieren Photography
A Schlieren photograph showing the compression in front of an upswept wing at Mach 1.2
Schlieren Photography
Shadowgraph
Shadowgraph is
a type of flow
visualization. Shadowgraph is an optical method that use in transparent media like air, water. It is related to Schlieren photography methods , but simpler than it. Simple Concept Visible with naked eye
Light rays from a source are collimated by a lens; Producing a parallel beam of light which passes through the testsection. In the absence of flow, intensity distribution will be uniform at screen. When flow is on, light rays are deflected resulting in the nonuniform intensity distribution at display screen.
Shadowgraph Images
Bullet Shadowgraph
Shadowgraph Images
Shadowgraph Images
Interferometry
Interferometry is a techniques in which waves, usually electromagnetic, are superimposed in order to take information about the waves. Interferometry is an important investigative technique in the fields of fiber optics, engineering metrology, chemistry, quantum mechanics, nuclear physics. Interferometers are widely used in science and industry for the measurement of small displacements, refractive index changes.
Schematics of Interferometer
Light rays from a source are collimated by a lens 1 and split into two streams One stream to the mirror 1 which reflect s a parallel beam of light rays to the test section, and there after projected on screen. And the second stream which passes trough the splitter 1 projected on Mirror 2 which reflect the light to splitter 2 and reunites with first beam coming from mirror M 1 and the moves to the screen. In the absence of flow, both the beams give the same pattern of illumination on screen
Interferometer Images
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