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Cell Size
Calculate a cells surface area and its volume to determine ratio of area to volume the larger the ratio the more efficient the cell is. Smaller cells have higher ratios. (see page 244)
Interphase
The cell is engaged in metabolic activity and performing its prepare for mitosis The cell grows replicates its DNA Interphase consists of G1, S and G2 stages
Mitosis
Mitosis consists of 4 stages Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Prophase
Chromatin in the nucleus begins to condense The nucleolus disappears. Centrioles begin moving to opposite ends of the cell and fibers extend from the centromeres. Some fibers cross the cell to form the mitotic spindle.
Metaphase
Spindle fibers align the chromosomes along the middle of the cell nucleus. This line is referred to as the metaphase plate. This organization helps to ensure that in the next phase, when the chromosomes are separated, each new nucleus will receive one copy of each chromosome.
Anaphase
The paired chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides of the cell.
Telophase
Chromatids arrive at opposite poles of cell, and new membranes form around the daughter nuclei. The spindle fibers disperse, and cytokinesis or the partitioning of the cell may also begin during this stage.
Cytokinesis
This is the process which actually divides the cytoplasm of the cell. In plant cells, the rigid wall requires that a cell plate be synthesized between the two daughter cells.
Cancer
Causes of Cancer
Substances which interfere with normal cell division are called carcinogens
Apoptosis
Is a process of planned orderly death by a cell in a multicellular organism. It involves an orderly series of biochemical events leading to a cell death. The apoptotic process is executed in such a way as to safely dispose of cellular debris.
Stem Cellls
Stem cells have the remarkable potential to develop into many different cell types in the body. Serving as a sort of repair system for the body, they can theoretically divide without limit to replenish other cells as long as the person or animal is still alive. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential to either remain a stem cell or become another type of cell with a more specialized function, such as a muscle cell, a red blood cell, or a brain cell.
Section 3 test
http://glencoe.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0078695104/student_vi ew0/unit2/chapter9/section3/selfcheck_quizzes-english.html