MOHAN SHAR Safety Consult

EFFECTS OF ELECTRICAL SHOCK

Organ Burns. Heart paralysis Ventricular fibrillation Respiratory paralysis Let-go threshold Pain Muscle contractions Perception

6000 300 100 75 40.00 10 1.5 1.5 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
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ELECTRICAL ACCIDENTSSTATISTICS

ALMOST 12 PEOPLE DIE DUE TO ELECTROCUTION EVERY DAY. 42 % OF TOTAL FIRES OCCUR DUE TO ELECTRICAL SOURCES 8% DEATHS THAT OCCUR IN FACTORIES ARE DUE TO ELECTRICITY
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SOME MORE FACTS ABOUT ELECTRICAL INCIDENT

40,000 RESIDENTIAL FIRES ANNUALLY ARE CAUSED DUE TO DEFECTIVE ELECTRICAL WIRING SYSTEMS.A 7, 000 FIRES DUE TO DEFECTIVE DEFECTIVE ELECTRIC CORDS AND PLUGS. 9,000 FIRES DUE TO DEFECTIVE LAMPS AND LIGHT FIXTURES. 5,000 FIRES DUE TO DEFECTIVE SWITCHES ABOUT 3,600 PEOPLE ARE TREATED FOR INJURIES ASSOCIATED WITH EXTENSION CORDS.

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INHERENT CHARACTERISTIC S
HEAT

ELECTROMAGNETIC

FIELD ELECTROLYSIS

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ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

ELECTRICAL SHOCK

BURNS
DUE TO CURRENT FLOWING THROUGH THE BODY

FLASH OVERS, SPARKING, ARCING, ETC.

CONTACT WITH OVERHEATED MOTORS APPLIANCES BLOWN FUSES ETC.

HEALTH HAZARDS DUE TO THE RELEASE OF TOXIC GASES E.G. OZONE.

EYE DAMAGE DUE TO RELEASE U.V.RAYS. FIRE AND EXPLOSIONS. OF
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DIFINITION OF ELECTRIC SHOCK

HAVE

YOU EVER BEEN SHOCKED? SHOCK IS DEFINED AS SUDDEN STIMULATION OF THE BODYS NERVOUS SYSTEM DUE TO THE PASSAGE OF ELECTRIC CURRENT

ELECTRIC

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EFFECT OF CURRENT ON HUMAN BODY

CURRENT IN MILIAMPS EFFECTS

SAFE CURRENT VALUES LESS THAN 1- NOT FELT, NO SENSATION. 1 TO 8 - SENSATION OF SHOC NOT PAINFUL CAN LET GO. AT WILL

UNSAFE VALUES
8 TO 15 - PAINFUL SHOCK CAN LET GO. 15 TO 20 - PAINFUL SHOCK MUSCULAR CONTROL LOST CAN NOT LET GO.

20 TO 50 PAINFUL SERVERE MUSCULAR CONTRATION BREATHING DIFFICULT.

50 TO 100 (POSSIBLE) 100 TO 200 (CERTAIN)

VENTCICULAR FIBRILLATION

OVER- 200 - SEVERE BURNS SEVERE MUSCULAR CONTRACTIONS SO SEVERE THATCHEST MUSCULARS SQUEEZE THE HEART AND STOP IT IN THE DIRECTION OF SHOCK

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ELECTRIC SHOCK
OCCURS WHEN BODY BECOMES PART OF ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT. CURRENT MUST ENTER THE BODY AT ONE POINT AND LEAVE AT ANOTHER . CONDITION TO BE MET, PERSON MUST COME IN CONTACT BY TOUCHING. BOTH WIRES OF THE ELECTRIC CIRCUIT. ONE WIRE OF THE ENERGISED CIRCUIT AND THE GROUND. A METALLIC PART WHICH HAS BECOME HOT BEING IN CONTACT WITH ENERGISED WIRE, WHILE THE PERSON IS ALSO IN CONTACT WITH THE GROUND. SOME OTHER FACTORS 1. CIRCUIT INCIDENTALLY SWITCHED ON 2. WRONG CONNECTIONS 3. COMING IN CONTACT WITH UNDERGROUND CABLE WHILE DIGGING.

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SEVERITY OF INJURY FROM SHOCK DEPENDS UPON

AMOUNT OF CURRENT FLOWING THROUGH THE BODY. PATH OF CURRENT THROUGH THE BODY. TYPE OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY

PHYSICAL CONDITION OF THE VICTIM DRY-WET.

PSYCOLOGICAL CONDITION.

FLOW OF CURRENT DEPEND UPON

VOLTAGE OF CURRENT RESISTANCE OFFERED BY SKIN CLOTHING FLOORING INSULATION ETC.

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FACTORS AFFECTING THE RESISTANCE

EVERY SUBSTANCE THROUGH WHICH THE CURRENT FLOWS HAS A RESISTANCE AND FACTORS AFFECTING ARE. NATURE LENGTH : CROSS SECTION, SP RESISTANCE TEMP ETC. RESISTANCE OF 10 SWG SOLD COPPER- 1092/100 FT SAME SIZE RUBBER MILLIONS OF OHMS.

CONDITIONS: HUMIDITY: DRY WOOD A GOOD INSULATOR SATURATED WITH WATER COULD CONDUCT ELECTRICITY EASILY. IMPURITIES : PURE WATER IS NOT A CONDUCTOR SMALL AMOUNT OF SALT OR ACID MAKES IT CONDUCTOR.

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HUMAN RESISTANCE TO ELECTRICAL CURRENT

BODY AREA DRY SKIN

RESISTANCE (OHMS) 100 000 TO 600 000

WET SKIN
EAR TO EAR

1000
ABOUT 100

FOR THE SAME VOLTAGE DIFFERENT EFFECTS

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CAUSES OF ELECTRICAL FIRES

OVERLOAD

SERIOUS PRESENT

LOOSE CONNECTIONS SHORT CIRCUITS

EARTH FAULTS
APPLICATIONS HEATERS LAMPS

SPARKING/ ARCING (Welding/Grinding) POOR HOUSE KEEPING DEFECTIVE WIRING OVER HEATING OF APPLIANCES IN FLAMMABLE ARE AS OR NOT USING EXPLOSION PROOF EQUIPMENT STATIC SPARK
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20

EQUIPMENT FOR HAZARDOUS AREAS

WHERE THERE IS PRESENCE OF HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERE, ELECTRIC CONSTITUTES ONE OF THE SOURCE OF IGNITION FOR FIRE/ EXPLOSION. IT IS THEREFORE IMPERATIVE TO SELECT RIGHT TYPE OF EQUIPMENT. THE PROTECTION IS CLASSIFIED INTO THREE ZINES : ZONE 0 : EXPLOSIVE GAS/AIR MIXTURE IS PRESENT CONTINUOUSLY. ZONE 1 : EXPLOSIVE GAS/ AIR MIXTURE IS PRESENT DURING NORMAL OPERATIONS. ZONE 2 : EXPLOSIVE GAS/AIR MIXTURE IS NOT PRESENT DURING NORMAL OPERATIONS. IF PRESENT IT IS ONLY FOR A SHORT TIME

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FUSES PROVIDED TO PROTECT AGAINST SHORT CIRCUITS CIRCUIT BREAKERS PROVIDED TO PROTECT EQUIPMENT NOT PEOPLE GFCIS/ ELCBS PROVIDED TO PROTECT PEOPLE (TRIP RANGE 46MA) DISTANCE IF YOU SENSE THE PRESENCE OF AN ELECTRICAL HAZARD OR EXPOSED CONDUCTORS THAT MAY BE ENERGIZED, KEEP YOUR DISTANCE, STAY AWAY AND INFORM THE CONCERNED.

ELECTRICAL PROTECTION

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EARTHING SYSTEMS

THERE ARE TWO TYPE OF EARTHING SYSTEM EARTHING PROVIDED FOR EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF THE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM PROTECTIVE EARTHING PROVIDED FOR PROTECTION TO LIVING BEINGS. EARTHING REQUIREMENTS THE EARTHED SYSTEM NEUTRAL SHALL HAVE TWO DISTINCT EARTH PITS APART FROM THE BODY EARTH WHICH SHALL ALSO BE TWO AND DISTINCT. THE BODY OF ALL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT SHALL BE EARTHED BY TWO SEPARATE THE EARTH CONDUCTORS SHALL BE ADEQUATELY SIZED AS PER IE RULES. THE RESISTANCE OF THE EARTH STATION SHALL BE MEASURED REGULARLY AND MAINTAINED WITH IN 23 THE PERMISSIBLE LIMITS.

ENVIRONMENT WET OR DRY INDOORS OR OUTDOORS OPEN OR CRAMPED WELL LIT OR DIM OVERHEAD WIRES OR PRESENCE OF EXPOSED CONDUCTORS. PRESENCE OF HEAT SOURCE PRESENCE OF INFLAMMABLE GASSES STATIC ELECTRICITY

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION BEFORE ANY MAINTENANCE WORK

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CONDITION OF EQUIPMENT

AGE OF EQUIPMENT INTEGRITY OF GROUNDING SYSTEM INTERNAL SAFETY MECHANISMS OPERATING VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL WIRING AND LOADS INCURRED
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There are three categories of working on Electrical systems: working on Dead System Working on live System Working in the vicinity on Live Installation

PRECAUTIONS PRIOR TO ELECTRICAL MAINTENANCE

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ISOLATE ALL SUPPLY SOURCES LOCK ALL OPERATING MECHANISMS VERIFY THAT THE SUPPLY IS DEAD. GROUND AND SHORT CIRCUIT WORKING SYSTEM BARRICADE ADJACENT LIVE INSTALLATIONS ISSUE NECESSARY WORK PERMIT RESTORE SUPPLY ONLY AFTER WITHDRAWAL OF WORK PERIT

THE ALL

PRIOR PRECAUTIONARY STEPS TO BE TAKEN ARE

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SOME CAUSES FOR ELECTRICAL SPARK/ IGNITION FROM AN ELECTRICAL FIRE

ENERGY FOR SPARK/ IGNITION TO TAKE PLACE FROM AN ELECTRICAL SOURCE, THE FOLLOWING MUST OCCUR: THE ELECTRICAL WIRING, EQUIPMENT, OR COMPONENT MUST HAVE BEEN ENERGIZED. SUFFICIENT HEAT AND TEMPERATURE MUST BE PRODUCED BY THE ELECTRICAL ENERGY AT THE POINT OF ORIGIN TO IGNITE A COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL

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GROUND FAULTS (INCLUDING LEAKAGE'S) LOOSE CONTACTS (ARCING) OVER LOADING (HEATING) OVER HEATING (OVENS) DEFECTIVE WIRING STATIC ELECTRIC CHARGE BUILD UP SPARKS (WELDING/ GRINDING) POOR HOUSE KEEPING

ELECTRIC FIRES MAY ORGINATE FROM ANY OF THE FOLLOWING SHORT CIRCUITS (SPARKS/ HEAT) CAUSES :

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PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES WITH CHECKLISTS CALIBRATION OF EQUIPMENT ACCIDENT REPORTING, INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS AUDIT AND COMPLIANCE PROCEDURES TRAINING, COMPETENCE, RETRAINING REQUIREMENT COMPLIANCE OF SAFETY REQUIREMENT BY CONTRACTORS.

ELECTRICAL SAFETY PROVISION AND INSPECTION OF PPE MANAGEMENT

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PROTECTION- OVERLOAD CURRENT

PROTECTIVE DEVICE AGAINST OVERLOAD CURRENT ARE INTENDED TO PREVENT DAMAGE TO AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT OR PART OF AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT DUE TO THE HEATING EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC CURRENT. CAUSES OF OVERLOAD: TOO MANY EQUIPMENT CONNECTED TO CIRCUIT. ELECTRICAL FAULT IN AN EQUIPMENT. CONNECTING AN EQUIPMENT NEEDING A LARGE CURRENT TO FLOW IN THE CIRCUIT E.G. HEATERS, MOTORS ETC. HAZARDS OF PERSISTENT OVERLOAD PERMANENT DAMAGE TO THE CABLES OF INSTALLATION. POSSIBILITY OF A FIRE, EITHER AT THE TIME OF OVERLOAD, OR LATER AS A RESULT OF REPEATED

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ELECTRICAL ACCIDENT
OCCURS MANLY DUE TO

ERRORS IN DESIGN OR SELECTION

SUB- STANDERD INSTALLATION PRACTICES TEMP CONNECTIONS, MECH. INJURY NO EARTHING ETC.
BAD MAINTENANCE, LOOSE CONNECTIONS LEAKAGE CURRENTS, EARTHING DISCONNECTED ETC.

APPOTING UN SAFE OPERATING PROCEDURE

IN ADEQUATE PROTECTION BY WORK MAN IN ADEQUATE WORK SPACE STRUCTURES IN THE VICINITY OF LIVE CONDUCTORS. EMPLOYING UNSKILLED/ UNAUTHORISED PERSONNEL ELECTRIC MOTORS GETTING EXCESSIVE HOT UNDER VERY ABNORMAL CONDITION- E.G. OVER LOADING PARKING, DIRT IN OPEN MOTOR

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HEATING AND ARCING OF LOE CONNECTION

ELECTRIC SHOCK PREVENTION

USING LOW VOLTAGE ELECTRIC EARATHING OF EQUIPMENT EMPLOYMENT OF AUTHORISED PERSONNEL FOR ELECT. JOB ONLY. WARNING SINGS. PREVENTING HUMAN BODY BECOMING A PART OF ELECT CIRCUIT BY KEEPING BARE CONDUCTORS, OUT OF REACH PROVIDING FENCING BARRIERS, ENCLOSURES INSULATION, MAKING KNOB OF HANDLES SWITCH OF INSULATED MATERIAL USING INSULATED TOOLS. PROVIDING ADEQUATE WORK SPACE WORKING ON- DEAD LINES USE OF RUBBER MAT, INSULATED SHOES ADOPTING, WORK PERMIT PROCEDURES USING ISOLATION TRANSFORMERS. USING TRIPPING DEVICE IN THE CKT. ETC.

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METHOD OF PROTECTION
ISOLATION PROVIDING BARRIERS, ENCLOSURES KEEPING BARE CONDUCTORS AT HEIGHTS INSULATION INSULATING LIVE WIRES PROVIDING RUBBER MATS USING INSULATED TOOLS MAKING HANDLES, KNOB OF INSULATING MATERIALS. GROUNDING USING ISOLATION TRANSFORMERS OR DOUBLE INSULATED EQUIPMENT OVERCURRENT PROTECTION. FUSES CIRCUIT BREAKERS REPAIRS BY OUTHORISED PERSONS WARNING SIGNS. USING, LOW VOLTAGE, ELECTRICITY

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ELECTRICAL PROTECTIVE DEVICES

ELECTRICAL PROTECTIVE DEVICES ARE USED THROUGHOUT AND ELECT SYSTEM FROM THE POINT OF GENERATION EG A POWER HOUSE, (THROUGH ALL THE STAGES OF TRANSMISSION) TO THE POINT OF FINAL USE. PURPOSE TO PROTECT ELECTRICAL SYSTEM AND ITS ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT FROM DAMAGE TO VALUES OF VOLTAGE OR CURRENT EXCEEDING DESIGN LEVEL. TO ISOLATE FAULTS IN THE PART OF THE SYSTEM TO PROTECT INDIVIDUALS FROM DEATH OR INJURY.
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11 KV LINE

PERSON INVOLVED ONE CONTRACT HELPER

EFFECT SHOCK FLASH BURNS & SLIP

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33 KV SWITCHGEAR
Persons involved

FIVE
HELPER ENGINEER TECHNICIAN

TWO OPERATORS
ARC FLASH
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LETHAL EFFECTS
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Death is Certain
TR

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FIRST AID- ELECTRICAL SHOCK

IF THE VICTIM IS UNCONSCIOUS, PUT HIM/ HER ON SIDE TO LET FLUIDS DRAIN. MAKE SURE THE VICTIM RECEIVES PROFESIONAL MEDICAL ATTENTION (PERSON SHOCKED COULD HAVE HEART FAILURE HOURS LATER)

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IN RESPONSE TO AN ELECTRICAL ACCIDENT FOLLOW THESE STEPS IMMEDIATELY

CALL FOR HELP (CANT BE HANDLED BY ONE PERSON)) PUT OFF THE SUPPLY. SEPARATE THE PERSON FROM THE ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT MAKE SURE YOU AND THE VICTIM ARE IN A SAFE ZONE-NOT IN CONTACT WITH ANY ELECTRICAL SOURCE. NEVER TOUCH THE PERSON IN CONTACT WITH THE SUPPLY; YOU MIGHT BECOME PART OF THE CIRCUIT AND BE ELECTROCUTED AS WELL
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USE A DRY WOOD, LEATHER BELT, PLASTIC ROPE OR A NON-CONDUCTIVE MATERIAL LIKE WOOD OR PLASTIC TO FREE THE PERSON FROM THE ELECTRICAL SUPPLY GET THE FIRST-AID SUPPLIES KIT (THIS SHOULD BE EASILY ACCESSIBLE WHEN REQUIRED) ADMINISTER FIRST AID/APPLY MOUTHTO -MOUTH RESUSCITATION AND/OR CPR; (KNOW WHAT TO DO) KEEP THE VICTIM LYING DOWN, WARM AND COMFORTABLE TO MAINTAIN BODY HEAT UNTIL HELP ARRIVES. DO NOT MOVE THE PERSON IN CASE OF INJURY TO NECK OR BACK
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THANKS

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