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Law of Definite Proportion
Law of Definite Proportion
Law of Definite Proportion
Atoms combine in whole number ratios, so their proportion by mass will always be the same. Example: H2O is always made up of 2 atoms of H and one atom of O. The ratio of O to H in water is always 16:2 or 8:1.
Example:
KCl always contains one atom of K for every one atom of Cl In KCl, potassium and chlorine always have a ratio of 39.09 to 35.45 or 1.1 to 1 by mass.
Practice Problem 1
In the carbon compounds ethane (C2H6) and ethene (C2H4), what is the lowest whole number ratio of H atoms that react with the same number of C atoms?
Answer: 3:2
Practice Problem 2
Carbon reacts with oxygen to form two compounds as shown: Compound A: 2.41 g C, 3.22 g O. Compound B: 6.71 g C, 17.9 g O. Find the lowest whole number ratio of C that react with an equal mass of O.
Solution Strategy
1. Find the grams of carbon per 1 g of oxygen for each compound. 2. Divide the highest answer by the smallest answer.
Answer: 2:1
Practice Problem 3
Lead forms two compounds with oxygen as shown: Compound A: 2.98 g Pb, 0.461 g O. Compound B: 9.89 g Pb, 0.763 g O. For a given mass of oxygen, what is the lowest whole number mass ratio of lead in the two compounds? Answer: 2:1