Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Design Process
Design Process
Design process is a collection of procedures and habits that help teams design better products
Concept
Product
2.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Problem definition (PDS) External Search (Research) Internal Search (Brainstorming) Evaluation and Selection Detail Design (Engineering) Prototyping Documentation
Nail Driver
Rope Climber
Climbs fast Affordable as a birthday present Fully assembled Uses batteries for power It is safe Looks good Plays music as it climbs Glows in the dark Last a long time
External Search
Level-I Rope climbing toys / machines Rope climbers (sports or circus) Nature (spiders, bats, etc) Level-II (Team uses friction wheels) Hoists Trolleys Ski Lifts
Coefficient
More Abstract
Engineering
Less Abstract
Design Process
Top-level problem definition is called PDS
from PDS:
Market Research
Concept Synthesis
Prototyping
Concept Evaluation
Candidate Design
Detail Design
Candidate Design
Components No Numbers
System-Level Design
Numbers
Parameter Design
Prototype Testing
Customers
People who are affected by the product
Team
Globe (External) Company (Internal)
External Customers
Buyers
Retailer End Users Maintenance EXTERNAL
Society
Internal Customers
Manufacturing & Procurement Management
Marketing
Internal
Shipping Legal
End Users
External Customers
Buying managers
Low Cost/Performance Safety Ruggedness (abuse resistance) Ergonomics Long warrantees Reliable with Low downtime Low operating cost
External Customers
Retailers
Small and attractive packaging Long shelf life Low cost/performance and Exciting features
Maintenance
Ease of maintenance
External Customers
Internal Customers
Management
Make a big profit On time delivery Low failure risk Documentation Process: Conformance to company product development process
Internal Customers
Marketing
Attractive features to target buyers Low production cost Esthetics Attractive packaging On time delivery Long Warrantees
Internal Customers
Manufacturing
Manufacturability using standard methods and schedules. Conformance to company documentation formats. Use of products from preferred vendors.
Internal Customers
Legal
No patent infringements Safety
All required safety warnings and labels Designed protection against reasonable abuse
Internal Customers
Shipping and Packaging
Ease of user assembly Small packaged size Ability of locking or fixing sensitive components Resistance against damage due to dropping, vibrations, moisture, heat, and cold.
Performance
Users Buyers Retailers Govrnmnt Mangmnt Marketng ** **** ***** **** ***
cost
***** ***** ***
Ease of use
***** ** ***
Reliability
***** ***** **
Safety
***** ***** ** ****
**** *****
** ***
** ****
*** ***
Elements of PDS
Environment:
(User)
(User)
Elements of PDS
Shipping:
Package sizes Damage resistance
Elements of PDS
Quantity (Manufacturing)
Determined by market analysis.
Element of PDS
Size and shape (Marketing) Weight (Marketing)
What is the desired weight? Should handles or lifting points be provided? Should it be modular for better handling? Color, shape, form, texture, finish. Market research.
Aesthetics (Marketing,User)
Elements of PDS
Materials (Marketing, Codes, Regulations)
Left to designers unless company guidelines or regulations restrict certain materials (asbestos, lead).
Elements of PDS
Laws, Codes, and standards (Government)
Ergonomics
(User)
Elements of PDS
Quality and reliability (Marketing)
Company policy regarding warranties Competitors warranty policies
Elements of PDS
Shelf life (storage) Retail
Elements of PDS
Safety (User, Government, Legal)
What safety requirements are mandated by government Professional society's codes and standards Need for warning labels Likely degrees of abuse or misinterpretation of operating procedures.
Elements of PDS
Company constraints (Management)
Compatibility with other products
Elements of PDS
Legal (Lawyers)
What product liability law suits are associated with similar products and why. Note the legal terms:
defect of specification defect of design defect of manufacture
Relevant patents
Element of PDS
Installation (Installers)
Many products must interface with other products or be assembled with other products.
Disposal (Society)
Should any parts by recyclable? bio-degradable?
PDS Example
The PR is to be rugged. must work with air pressure. is be easy to use. is to pass HTS tests. is to last 5 years in normal usage. is to be easy to carry.
PDS Example
is to sell for less than $150. is to costless than $50 to make. is to have low maintenance needs. is to be difficult to use as a hammer. must not infringe on patented devices. Production volume is to be 300 per year
PDS Example
is to be tested by June 2006. is to be released by Sep. 2006. is to be used with Dredge Point models. is to work faster than the hammer
Engineering Specifications
What is
Fast, accurate, high-performing? Light, Small, portable? Easy to use? Safe? Stylish?
Engineering Specifications
Verifiable PDS statements Developed for important PDS statements Have associated target numbers (Yes/No OK)
Engineering Specifications Tips Set up metrics and targets so the designer has maximum options in accomplishing the PDS
Daily maintenance: None Weekly maintenance: < 10 minutes field Yearly maintenance: < 1 hour Shop Cost of weekly maintenance < 10c Cost of yearly maintenance < $10
Engineering Requirements I M P O R T A N C E
Competition
Customer Needs
PDS Statements
Competition Target