CONSTRUCTION SAFETY MANAGEMENT

R K PODDAR

Points of discussion
Construction Safety Demolition

Excavation
Piling and Deep Foundations

Drilling and Blasting

Compressed Air Site Transport

Concrete Framed
Structure Structure Steel Erection

Material Handling
Handling Machinery Handling Tools

Road Making
Tunneling Dewatering of Tunnels Floor and Wall Opening

Life Saving Equipment and

Marine Operations Common Hazards

Fire Prevention

CONSTRUCTION SAFETY
Definition Fire Prevention and Control Safe Working Environment

Legal Requirement
Responsibility of Employer Reporting Occurrence of

Safety Clauses in Contract

Documents Safety Programme

Accidents
Reporting Occurrence of Hazards

Safety Policy
Safety Department Safety Officers Safety Records

Action to be taken by the site

in-charge in case of accident First Aid Ambulance Room/ Dispensary

Contd..
Safety Training Safety Competitions, Melas, etc. Outside co-operation SAFETY CLAUSES IN A TYPICAL CONTRACT DOCUMENT Scheme for Safety Breach of Safety Regulations General Safety Conditions INDIAN STANDARDS FOR SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS

CONSTRUCTION SAFETY Legal Requirements

There are four sources of legal requirement regarding safety as applicable to construction sites and the construction industry,

namely:
1. Standard laid down by BIS. 2. Statutory provisions framed under various labour laws.

3. Contract conditions written into the Contract Document

signed by the client and Contractor when the work is awarded.

4. Decisions, judgments and awards given by the judicial

authorities from time to time.

EXCAVATION
Fencing Shoring Access and Escape Other Precautions

Common Hazards
Responsibilities of Supervisor

PILING AND DEEP FOUNDATIONS

Introduction
Piling Rigs

Field Operations Centering the Pile Driving the Casing Driving Cap Lowering Reinforcement Cages Jammed Casings Grounding the Bailers/Chisels Completion of Pile Bore Sheet Piling
Well Foundation

General Precautions

CONCRETE FRAMED STRUCTURE

Erection of concrete framed structure involve the following operations:

Transportation of material
Handling of material Scaffolding and formwork

Mixing of material
Placement of concrete Curing of concrete

Removal of formwork and scaffolding

STRUCTURAL STEEL ERECTION

Advance Planning Erection equipment Surroundings Other Precautions

Cranes and Derricks

Hoists Erection Tools

Safe Practices
Cutting and Welding Works at Heights

Structural Steel Works

Scaffolding Form Work Machinery

ROAD MAKING
Hot Mix Plant Feed Hopper

Dryer drum unit

Hot Elevator and gradation control unit Mixing unit, and

Bitumen unit
Sprayers Spreaders and Pavers

Heating Bitumen
Traffic Management during Road Construction Road Maintenance

TUNNELING & UNDERGROUND WORKS

Causes of Hazards are due to Drilling, Explosive and Blasting, Mucking plant and equipment, Supporting the excavation Drilling Mucking Plant and Equipment Supporting the Excavation Tunnelling Machine Tunnelling in Soft Ground Fore-poling Shield Tunnelling Working through a Shaft General Safety Measures

DEWATERING OF TUNNELS
Water Grouting Pumps for Dewatering Vertical Pumps Pump Selection

Standby Pumps
Safety for Pump Operation Check list for tunnelling work

FLOOR AND WALL OPENING

Floor Opening Wall Opening Cat-Walks Stairways

DEMOLITION
General Precautions Structure Walls and Floor Other portions Removal Mechanical Demolition Safety Checklist Services: Access Loading Structural members Worker protection Other hazards

DRILLING AND BLASTING

Transportation of Explosives Handling Explosives Storage of Explosives Shot firing Safety Fuse Disposal of Explosives

COMPRESSED AIR

Equipment Compressor

Compression and Decompression

Working Chamber Working in Compressed Air

Medical Lock
Fire Hazards Detection of Gases

General Precautions

SITE TRANSPORT
Human Factor Vehicles and Drivers

Loading
Overloading Hazard Control

Machine Faults
Other Dangers

MATERIAL HANDLING
Acid Acetylene Bamboo Brushes Carbide Casting Cells (battery) Precaution Cement Cloth Coal Electrical Cables and Wires Electrode Firebrick Glass Sheets and Plates Leather Goods Machined parts Precaution Oil Oxygen Paint, Varnish and Enamel Paper Petrol Precaution Pipes Rubber Goods Steel Sections Manual handling Tools Timber Components (Tool Handles) Sand Gravel and Crushed Stones Caissons Compression and Decompression

HANDLING MACHINERY
General Precautions Earth moving machinery Lifting and Hoisting Machinery Tips for Operating Cranes Guy Derrick and Stiff Legs Transporting Machinery Concrete Mixers and Batching Plants Important hints for drivers Report for duty Inspection of vehicle and starting the day On entering roads

Other Important Hints

HANDLING TOOLS
Electrical Tools Avoiding the Hazards Operating Precautions Electrical Safety Fuses Electric Installations Electrical works Pneumatic Tools

Abrasive Tools
Hand Tools Cutting Tools

LIFE-SAVING EQUIPMENT AND MARINE OPERATIONS

Life-Saving Equipment Safety Strap

Life Line and Belt Safety

Nets

Marine Operations
SCAFFOLDING CHECKLIST

GUIDELINES ON SAFETY REQUIREMENT TO FOLLOWED AT SITES OF CONSTRUCTION WORK

BE

COMMON HAZARDS
Dust Impregnated Timber Lead Poisoning Toxic Fumes Noise Code of Practice for Reducing Noise Vibrations Maintenance House-Keeping

Materials
Movement Drowning Openings Weight

Lighting

FIRE PREVENTION
Understanding Fire Chemistry How Fuels Behave in Fire Fire causes Types of Extinguishers and Use General Notes Fire Prevention Planning Checklist for fire prevention

CONSTRUCTION & ENVIRONMENT

R K PODDAR

 Impact of development on environment India's environmental scenario Environment Act Environmental protection and public interest Rehabilitation and resettlement issues in large dams in India Solid waste management

The environmental assessment and review process Environmental impact assessment Environmental impact assessment case study of an expressway Environmental impact assessment and mitigative measures

IMPACT OF DEVELOPMENT ON ENVIRONMENT

Projected Impact of Environmental Pollution in the world Conclusion

INDIAS ENVIRONMENTAL SCENARIO

Introduction Key Problems The Regulatory Framework The Way Forward: Sectoral Policy Reform Agenda for Action Environmental Setting and Priority Areas for Action Industrial Urban Environmental Problems Urbanization, Sanitation, and Waste Management Air Pollution Water Pollution Natural Resource-Based Environmental Problems/Issues Deforestation Biodiversity Loss Land Degradation Coastal and Marine Resource Degradation Concluding Remarks: Setting Environmental Priorities

ENVIRONMENT ACT
Delegated Legislation: The Methodology of EPA The Environmental Rules Environmental Audit Hazardous Substances and Industries Ecomark Delegation of Powers EPA and Judicial Interpretation Conclusion

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND PUBLIC INTEREST

Techniques of Issuing Directions Evolution of Environmental Jurisprudence Balance the Conflicting Values Protection of Social Environment Filling Gaps in Law and Lacunae in Administration Environmental Awareness and Education Public Interest Litigation for Environment, not for Private Gains Committees and Commissions

Deferential Attitude to Environmental Decisions

Alternative Strategy: The Need for Environment Courts or Tribunal

REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT ISSUES IN LARGE DAMS IN INDIA

Introduction Dam Building in India

Rationale for the Policy Dialogue

Deliberations in the Workshop Causes Behind the Anti-Dam Movements

Criteria and Guidelines for Dams in India - Suggestions for

Improvement

REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT ISSUES IN LARGE DAMS IN INDIA

Sardar Sarovar Dam Land Submergence Approach to Resettlement and Rehabilitation Nagarjuna Sagar Pong Dam Rehabilitation Package Some Key Factors

REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT ISSUES IN LARGE DAMS IN INDIA

Tehri Dam Progress of Rural R & R so far

Progress of Urban R & R

Extent of Displacement Rural Displacement Upper Kolab Dam Effect on Siltation

REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT ISSUES IN LARGE DAMS IN INDIA

Bhakra-Nangal Dam The Project

The Sufferers
Rehabilitation The Problems Remaining

REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT ISSUES IN LARGE DAMS IN INDIA

Hirakund Dam Introduction Brief History of the Project Project Features Salient Features Rehabilitation & Resettlement Land Acquisition/Relocation Environmental Impact Alamatti Dam Alamatti Concerns Rehabilitation

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Sources & Classification Public Health Aspects Methods of Collection Transfer Station Disposal Methods Open Dumping Sanitary Landfill Incineration Compositing Potential Methods of Disposal Utilization Recovery and Recycling - Paper Glass Metals Plastics

THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND REVIEW PROCESS

Environmental Review I Policies & Principles

Environmental Review & the Project Cycle Overall Relationship to the Project Cycle
Environmental Assessment Review &Project Appraisal Implementation & Supervision Completion & Evaluation Regional & Sartorial Environmental Assessments Regional Environmental Assessments Sartorial Environmental Assessments A Regional Monitoring Programme Pakistan Drainage Sector Environmental Assessment Nigeria Multistate Roads Project Sartorial

THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND REVIEW PROCESS

Environmental Assessment Recommendations Included Alternatives to Environmental Assessment Institutional Aspects of Environmental Assessment Inter Agency Coordination Involvement of Affected Groups & Local NGOs Strengthening Environmental Capabilities Financial Intermediary Lending

Management of Environmental Assessment Cost & Time to Prepare Environmental Assessments Sources of Financing Procurement of Consultants

Conclusion

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Prevention Rather than Cure Complex Questions The Mandatory Model NEPA: An Illustration Pleas Against & In Favour of the Discretionary Model Merits Demerits Bhopal: Victim of a Discretionary Model Defective Assessment Discretionary Model: Judicial Reaction Final Environment Notification Amendment - A Step Ahead Methodology of EIA Introduction Overview of EIA Process Basics

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Environmental Setting Impact Prediction & Assessment Methodologies for Environmental Impact Assessment Interaction Matrices Networks Overaly Techniques Conceptual EIA of Large Scale Electric Power Plants Air Pollution SPM Control SOx Control NOx Control Quantification of Environmental Damage Ash Disposal Disposal Ash Utilisation Quantification of Water Pollution

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Large Scale Displacement
Quantification of Displacement Discontent Forest Loss

Quantification of Forest Loss

Others Nuclear

Finalizing the EIA

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT & MITIGATIVE MEASURES

Introduction A Impacts During Construction Phase Impacts on Physical Resources Air Quality Mitigation Measure Noise Pollution Mitigation Measures Site Controls Source Controls Scheduling of Project Activities Physiography Mitigation Measures Water Bodies and Water Resources Water Quality Soil & Geology

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT & MITIGATIVE MEASURES

Mitigation Measures Impacts on Ecological Resources Flora & Fauna Roadside Tree Affected by Project Mitigation Measures Land Use Mitigation Measures Impacts on Utility Services & Community Severance Impact During Operation Phase Positive Impacts Reduced Congestion & Enhanced Safety for Regional Traffic on the Road Corridors Reduced Accident Level Reduction in Fuel Consumption Better Urbanization Trends

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT & MITIGATIVE MEASURES

Enhanced Industrial & Commercial Development Development of Tourism Higher Value to Perishable Goods & Reduced Wastage Impacts on Physical Resources Air Quality Noise Pollution Mitigative Measures Impact on Ecological Resources Flora & Fauna Land Use

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT & MITIGATIVE MEASURES

Mitigation Measures Agriculture & Crops Impact on Quality of Life Socio-Economic Condition Accident Hazards & Safety Mitigation Measures Asthetic & Landscape Summary of Environmental Impact Assessment