MOORING

What is MOORING system?

Mooring systems are used to secure a ship to a pier, wharf, mooring buoy,or another ship. Mooring systems include the lines, fenders, ship/pier ttings and related machinery that would be used to bring a ship into a moored conguration. In addition to the standard mooring congurations alongside a pier, wharf, or other ship; a variety of at sea mooring congurations can be employed which often utilize ships anchors. Most moorings are provided in harbors to provide a safe haven, reduce exposure to waves, reduce ship motions, and reduce dynamic mooring loads.

Purpose of Mooring
The purpose of a mooring is to safely hold a ship in a berth or in a certain position to accomplish a specic mission. Ship moorings are provided for: a. Loading/Unloading Loading and unloading items such as stores, cargo, personnel, etc. b. Maintenance/Repairs Scheduled maintenance and simple repairs can be performed at sea. Certain actions require shore services, special parts, and outside assistance that can only be provided while moored.

Types of Mooring
Pierside (Fixed Mooring) 1.Standard - Excellent, ship is aligned parallel with pier or wharf .Best if ships draft does not limit its ability to tie up; ship is located nearfacilities; easy access provided to take on supplies, ammunition, and crew 2. Med Moor - Good for situations where reasonably precise positioning is required in alimited area.Can be subject to larger broadside currents 3. Spud Moor - Excellent for oating drydocks.The ship is free to move vertically on the spud as the tide rises and falls

At Sea (Moorings) 1.Free Swinging (Single Point) - Ship will assume the most advantageous position under combined action of wind and current; best for heavy weather or transient mooring when an acceptable pier berth is unavailable 2. Multiple Point For two points - not for precise positioning; suitable for transient mooring with limited sea room

Standard Moor

Mediterranean Moor

Spud Moor

Single Point (Free Swinging Mooring)

Multiple Point Mooring

Mooring Line Arrangement

Mooring Arrangements: When a ship comes into port, the type of arrangement and number of lines that it will put out depends on the dock type and load condition of the ship. Most large cargo ships will often double up on all of their lines, putting out 2 each of the bow, bow and quarter spring, fore and after breast, and stern lines.

Mooring Line Arrangement

Mooring Line Arrangement

Bow lines: typically run through the bull nose on the bow and run forward down the dock, leading ahead of the ship. When backed against, these lines will help to bring the ship in toward the dock. -After bow spring: From the bow leading aft, these lines prevent the ship from surging forward should a ship's wake or wind force the ship ahead. Also, when run forward against, they will help to kick the stern out away from the dock -Forward bow spring: From the after section of the bow leading forward, these help to prevent the ship from surging backward should a wake or wind force the ship astern. When backed against, they will help to pull the ship in to the dock.

Mooring Line Arrangement

-Breast lines: usually put out from the bow or stern, and occasionally amidships, these lines hold the ship alongside the dock. They do not prevent surging in any direction other than away from the dock, and are usually the last lines sent out and the first brought in. -After quarter Spring: the lines run from the quarter aft and prevent the ship from surging forward. When pulled forward against, these lines help to pull the ship in toward the dock. -Forward Quarter Spring: These lines run from the stern forward, and prevent the ship from surging aft. When pulled astern against, these lines help to push the bow out away from the dock.

Mooring Line Arrangement

-Stern lines: These lines run from the stern, usually run through the centerline chock, and run aft of the ship. When pulled forward against, these lines help to bring the ship alongside the dock.

Mooring Procedures