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McKay HWS 10 Iclicker Vol 1 1
McKay HWS 10 Iclicker Vol 1 1
McKay HWS 10 Iclicker Vol 1 1
i>Clicker Questions
D. A system of culture, art, and theology that explains the larger world
Why did American educational leaders create the Western civilization course?
A. Because World War I had renewed interest in Europe and its history B. To replace Latin, which was being eliminated as a required course in most colleges and universities C. Because they were concerned that young people were becoming cut off from European intellectual and cultural traditions
Artifacts discovered at Avebury and similar stone circle sites prove which of the following?
A. The people worshipped an earth-goddess who symbolized life and brought fertility to the land. B. The people were enslaved under a powerful clan leader who could force long periods of labor from them. C. Neighboring clans frequently sought to destroy the circles, for they rejected the religious beliefs of the circle builders.
D. The circles were built over a very short period of time, two to three years at most.
During the Neolithic era, the development of agriculture and transition to settled life
A. weakened the bonds of extended family and kinship networks.
B. occurred in the Near East and then afterward spread to other major civilizations.
C. diminished the practice of trade as tribes no longer moved around. D. did not occur in the Americas.
C. made its most important breakthrough when scribes began to use signs to represent sounds.
D. reached its fullest development as ideograms allowed signs to symbolize ideas.
How did the Hittites interact with their powerful Egyptian and Babylonian neighbors?
A. Constant warfare among the three powers created instability throughout the Near East. B. The Hittites believed all foreigners were spiritually impure and worked to destroy all influences from these other cultures. C. The three powers formed an alliance, calling each other brother, that produced an era of peace.
D. The mountainous terrain in Anatolia kept the Hittites largely cut off from the other great powers.
6. Answer is C.
7. Answer is D. 8. Answer is C.
9. Answer is C.
10. Answer is C.
Chapter 2: Small Kingdoms and Mighty Empires in the Near East, ca. 1100-513 B.C.E.
i>Clicker Questions
How did the fall of the large empires of Egypt and the Hittites affect the small kingdoms of the Near East (the Phoenicians and the Hebrews)?
A. The small kingdoms were destroyed and their populations scattered.
B. The small kingdoms became more insular, rejecting foreign influences as impure corruptions of their societies.
C. The small kingdoms passed their local traditions among their neighbors, creating a more common Near Eastern culture. D. The small kingdoms grew into large powers able to challenge others for dominance in Mediterranean world.
B. The Libyans established themselves as a closed caste within Egyptian society in order to maintain their distinct culture.
C. The Libyans adopted Egyptian culture, religion, and way of life. D. The Libyans turned against imperial expansion, for it would require them to abandon their rural, agricultural society.
As they moved into Palestine, how did the Hebrews interact with their neighbors?
A. The Hebrews destroyed the local peoples, who lacked any means of resistance. B. The Hebrews fought wars but also mingled with local people, with some Hebrews adopting the local culture. C. The Hebrews completely adopted the local culture and merged with the local peoples.
When Israel divided after the death of Solomon, what central difference emerged between Israel and Judah?
A. Judah remained a traditional agricultural state, while Israel aggressively pursued commerce and manufacturing. B. Judah worshipped only Yahweh, while Israel allowed temples for other gods. C. Judah established a council of tribal leaders to direct affairs, while Israel remained a traditional monarchy.
D. Judah welcomed influences from across the Near East, while Israel culturally isolated itself.
As nomadic Hebrews transitioned to settled agriculture, how was their society transformed?
A. The roles available to women expanded. B. The tribe became less important than the extended family.
How did Persias central geographic featurea broad central plateau in the heart of the country affect the regions development?
A. The plateau offered protection from invaders, isolating the Iranian people culturally and economically. B. The plateau created a highway between Eastern and Western civilizations and in which nomads and city dwellers interacted. C. The plateau served as an ideal agricultural environment with ample rainfall that could be collected and stored, providing wealth and security to the region. D. The plateau linked the interior of the Middle East to the sea, facilitating trade and commerce.
B. At death, human existence ceased, and the soul converted into the spiritual matter that filled the universe.
C. Humans possessed freewill for good or evil and had to use their own conscience to guide them through life.
D. At death, the gods welcomed all humans into companionship with them in the heavenly city.
9. Answer is B.
10. Answer is C.
D. The numerous large rivers in Greece facilitated trade and cultural interconnection throughout the Grecian countryside.
The political center of the polis, where shops, public buildings, and courts were located, was called the
A. acropolis. B. agora C. hoplite. D. attica.
D. Pisistratus abolished the system of slavery and established the communal ownership of land.
Every four years the Athenians held their most important religious festival in which they processed to
A. the Erechtheum. B. the Temple of Athena Nike. C. the Parthenon. D. the Propylaea.
Which of the following statements best describes the meaning of the plays of Sophocles?
A. Humans should follow their own reason even if it violates public laws. B. Humans should obey the will of the gods, even without fully understanding it. C. Humans should obey the laws of the polis, even if they disagree with them.
9. Answer is B.
10. Answer is B.
As Alexander launched his journey of conquest, who accompanied him in addition to the military?
A. Royal wives and concubines to ensure their faithfulness to Alexander B. The sons of the kings of the Greek city-states to ensure their loyalty in Alexanders absence C. Philosophers, poets, and scientists to pursue an expedition of discovery
D. A group of Athenian merchants to guide Alexander when establishing economic policies in conquered territories
How was the Hellenic period different from the Hellenistic period?
A. The Hellenic period witnessed a growth of philosophy, science, and the arts, whereas all of these activities withered during the Hellenistic period. B. The Hellenic period was marked by constant warfare, whereas the Hellenistic period was marked by a three decades of peace under Alexanders rule. C. The Hellenic period was marked by a strong foreign influence on Greek culture, whereas the Hellenistic period was marked by a rejection of nonGreek influences. D. The Hellenic period was marked by similarities among those connected to Greek culture, whereas the Hellenistic period was marked by differences among those connected to Greek culture.
In order to promote political unity, to whom did the Hellenistic monarchs link themselves?
A. The gods B. The common people C. The nobility D. The military leaders
Why did Hellenistic monarchs seek to make their states resemble the Greek polis?
A. They saw the Greek polis as the only acceptable model of society. B. They sought to teach the local population the ideas of Greek political rights. C. They wanted to encourage immigration by Greeks into their lands.
D. They were required by army generals to maintain all traditional Greek political rights.
Why didnt innovations in manufacturing technologies occur during the Hellenistic period?
A. Knowledge of machinery was not valued by the Greeks. B. The Greek world honored philosophy but ignored more practical forms of knowledge. C. Powerful labor guilds prevented the introduction of machinery that would reduce the employment of their members. D. Human labor was so cheap and plentiful that there was little motivation to develop labor-saving devices.
What major advantage did the mystery religions have over the older Greek mystery cults?
A. The mystery religions promised eternal life. B. The mystery religions were not tied to a particular location that required expensive pilgrimages. C. The mystery religions did not require adherents to learn Greek. D. The mystery religions required devotion and sustained contemplation, but did not require fees from its members, making it accessible to the poor.
6. Answer is D.
7. Answer is B. 8. Answer is A.
9. Answer is C.
10. Answer is C.
Why did the senate gain prestige and power in the early republic of Rome?
A. The senate included simple artisans and laborers, giving it broad social representation. B. The senate successfully undermined an ambitious general who had sought to assume dictatorial powers . C. The senators established their own military troops to counter the power of the consuls .
D. The senators built experience and knowledge over the course of long service .
How did the political power of the plebeians change during the course of the early Roman republic?
A. The plebeians lost power as the traditions of the city-state gave way to the traditions of the republic. B. The plebeians gained power because their success in the military made them a greater threat to the senate. C. Plebeians won the right to meet in their own assembly, and their ordinances were recognized as binding on the entire population. D. The plebeians lost authority because their frequent absences with the military prevented them from sustaining political influence in Rome itself.
D. The Romans stumbled into power when their rivals the Carthaginians unexpectedly collapsed due to plague.
What native artistic tradition did Roman artists sustain despite influences from Greece?
A. Life-sized statues B. Frescos depicting military victories C. Realistic portraiture D. Tiled mosaics
Why was Cleopatra hated by the Roman people when she came to Rome with Julius Caesar?
A. Cleopatra was viewed as a traitor for having betrayed Pompey. B. Cleopatra was viewed as a symbol of the immoral East and a threat to traditional Roman values. C. The Romans viewed any woman who held political authority as a violation of the natural order. D. The Romans viewed anything associated with Egypt as a threat to Roman superiority.
Why did the senate make a mistake in refusing to grant land to veterans?
A. Veterans claimed unused lands as their own and organized an independent military. B. Legionnaires returned to the provinces and continued military expansion beyond what the empire could sustain. C. Legionnaires turned to commanders, as opposed to the senate, to protect their interests.
D. Veterans drafted the gladiators into the army to undermine the senates authority.
6. Answer is B.
7. Answer is D. 8. Answer is C.
9. Answer is B.
10. Answer is C.
C. He instituted a system of clientage so that the officers were judged principally on their loyalty to Augustus.
D. Legionnaires were given permanent assignments in specific locations so that they could build relationships with local peoples.
How did the historian Livy seek to support the reforms of Augustus?
A. Livy praised military life and service to the Roman army as the highest virtue a citizen could obtain. B. Livy praised the greatness of the republic and Augustuss efforts to restore it. C. Livy praised Augustuss effort to established authoritarian rule as necessary in response to rampant political corruption. D. Livy praised the idea of empire and Augustuss effort to establish an imperial system of rule.
What form did same-sex relationships between men typically take in the Augustan era?
A. Same-sex relationships were formalized unions under Roman law that required the parties to be economically responsible for each other. B. Same-sex relationships occurred only covertly and were subject to widespread persecution. C. Same-sex relationships became central to military recruitment, since men were often away from their families for many years. D. Same-sex relationships copied the Greek model of relationships between older and younger men or between men of unequal social states.
D. Citizens could not be arrested by city police, while noncitizens were regularly harassed by the city police.
How was daily life in the provinces of Asia Minor different from daily life in northern Europe?
A. Asia Minor was a more urban and Romanized environment than northern Europe. B. Asia Minor was a region of deep poverty due to its poor agriculture, and failed to form significant cities in comparison to northern Europe. C. Asia Minor became the center of gladiatorial games, which the northern Europeans rejected as inhumane.
D. Asia Minor lacked natural resources for manufacturing, so remained economically backward in comparison with northern Europe.
What was the central belief of Jewish militant apocalypticism in the first century C.E.?
A. The world would soon be destroyed, and the Jews transported to heaven. B. The world would soon adopt the Jewish religion and turn to the Jews for religious and political leadership. C. A messiah would soon arrive who would be appointed Roman emperor and relieve the Jews of their suffering. D. A messiah would soon arrive who would destroy the Roman legions and inaugurate a period of happiness and plenty for the Jews.
For the earliest Christians, what did the belief in Jesus resurrection signify?
A. Jews would be victorious over all who opposed them, especially the Romans. B. Christians would enjoy the protection of an immortal who would ensure them prosperity and security. C. Jesus had triumphed over death, and all Christians would enjoy immortality.
D. Roman political authority would soon crumble, for they had lost control over life and death.
How did the Christian thinker Justin Martyr seek to reconcile pagan culture with Christianity?
A. He argued that Christianity emerged out of the mystery religions that had emphasized the idea of immortality. B. He asserted that pagan culture was so obviously in error that pagans would quickly accept Christianity when the truth was revealed to them. C. He promoted a fusion between pagan and Christian rituals by having Christians adopt pagan holidays as their own. D. He believed that pagan philosophers foreshadowed Christianity and sought to identify similarities between their ideas and those of Christians.
9. Answer is C.
10. Answer is D.
i>Clicker Questions
How did Diocletian and Constantine emphasize the exalted position of the emperor as the elect of god?
A. They had all of their imperial edicts and laws endorsed by religious officials.
B. They held coronation ceremonies in which Roman priests blessed their reigns.
C. They adopted the court ceremonies and trappings of the Persian Empire. D. They had religious shrines and temples built in their honor.
How did the growing raids from barbarians affect the local relationships between landlords and small landholders?
A. Because landlords needed the local farmer laborers to devise security forces against the barbarians, laborers were able to demand land and more freedoms from the landlords.
B. For protection and security from barbarian raids, small landholders gave over their land to landlords and became tenant farmers bound to the land.
C. In order to ward off barbarian raids, landlords increasingly sold small landholders into slavery to barbarian chiefs.
D. In order to ward off barbarian raids, small landholders increasingly rebelled against landlords and turned their land over to barbarian chiefs as a form of tribute.
Runic inscriptions provide information about barbarian societies from what regions?
A. Spain and southern France . B. Scandinavia and the British Isles . C. The Black Sea . D. Eastern Europe and western Russia .
During the third and fourth centuries, how were barbarian war bands transformed?
A. War bands were slowly disbanded as they threatened the growing authority of the tribal chief. B. War bands were increasingly turned into groups of dependant soldiers under the authority of the tribal chief and were dependent on him for their upkeep. C. War bands were increasingly stratified according to hierarchical ranks, with land and wealth being accumulated by the most elite. D. War bands seized control of tribal governance and displaced the power of the tribal chief with that of a tribal council.
How did the Romans respond when crop failures and famine affected their Visigoth allies?
A. The Romans provided food supplies in exchange for promises to attack the Huns. B. The Romans provided food supplies so that they could demonstrate their goodwill and effective administration to barbarian peoples. C. The Romans forced the Visigoth to sell their own people into slavery in exchange for dog flesh.
D. The Romans refused to provide food in order to destroy the Visigoths as a potential threat.
How did the practice of confessions change from early Christianity to the fifth century?
A. Confession changed from being a recounting of Gods blessings to being a recounting of ones sins. B. Confession changed from being a voluntary act to being a required part of the sacraments. C. Confession changed from a time of agony and despair to a moment of joyous celebration.
D. Confession changed from a public ritual to a private one between the believer and the parish priest.
9. Answer is D.
10. Answer is D.
The Bedouins and urbanized Arabs of the sixth century shared what common characteristic?
A. A similar social structure built around egalitarian values B. United loyalty to the royal family
Which one of the following does not correctly characterize the Moorish city of Crdoba?
A. The population was over 2 million people. B. The streets were well-lighted and paved. C. There was an abundance of fresh water for drinking and bathing. D. The city had a vast library of some 400,000 books.
In the Carolingian Renaissance, what was the main purpose of the revival of learning?
A. To create a class of literate officeholders and jurists who could aid the emperor in managing his kingdom B. To promote an understanding of Christian scriptures and instruct people to pray and praise God correctly C. To transform the emperors primary advisors and their families from warriors into a noble class able to control their own domains
What did the Frankish king Charles the Simple give the Vikings to buy them off during an invasion?
A. Normandy
C. A peasant had to pay a fee to marry someone from another lords estate.
D. A peasant had to pay a fee to the lord in order to inherit property.
6. Answer is B.
7. Answer is B. 8. Answer is A.
9. Answer is C.
10. Answer is C.
How did William the Conqueror transform the feudal system in England?
A. He limited the power of nobles, transforming the feudal system into a unified monarchy. B. He replaced the sheriffs with justices of the peace who were directly responsible to the crown. C. He expanded the authority of church officials so that they could protect the peasantry from abusive nobles. D. He reinforced the power of nobles by providing men-in-arms to support them in their conflicts with village leaders and unruly peasants.
What fundamental principle did the French crown seek to establish in appointing royal agents in the provinces?
A. Royal agents should establish their effective authority by building alliances with provincial leaders, which will permit them to influence local politics. B. Royal agents should seek to destroy forms of local power and replace that power with the central state. C. Royal agents should gain their power from the crown and not from their own wealth or local connections. D. Royal agents should create their own salaries and sources of wealth from their alliances in the province that they oversee in order to demonstrate to local officials their effectiveness.
How did Roger de Hauterville create political innovations after he captured Sicily?
A. He overthrew all political practices and institutions on the island and sought to build a new, rational government from scratch. B. He modeled his political reforms directly on the traditions of Ancient Rome and reestablished a senate and an imperial system C. He fused Arabic and Greek political forms in financial management with Norman practices related to landholding and royal inquests. D. He modeled his political reforms on the Greek city-states and reestablished a polis with a ruling, democratically elected council.
How did the investiture controversy affect political power in the German-speaking lands?
A. The emperors political power was enhanced as he gained control over church officials and the revenues produced on their lands. B. The German high aristocracy enhanced their authority over peasants and knights and held the balance of power in Germany. C. The popes political power was enhanced as he gained control over the church officials and lands in Germany and demonstrated the papacys superiority to an earthly ruler. D. The merchant classes gained considerable authority in their independent cities as they negotiated the pope and emperor against each other.
How did the Crusaders organize the territory they conquered in the First Crusade?
A. They placed the territories directly under papal authority. B. They established four small crusader states and built castles and fortified towns. C. The territories were established as tributary states under the French king.
D. The territories were maintained as Muslim dependencies under the protection of Saladin.
Why did German emperor Otto I establish a string of dioceses along his northern and eastern borders?
A. He sought to demonstrate the advantages of Christianity to pagan peoples. B. He wanted the churchs support in expanding his territory. C. He hoped Christianity would pacify newly conquered Slavs.
D. He wanted to create a buffer people between Christian Germans and pagan Slavs.
6. Answer is B.
7. Answer is B. 8. Answer is B.
9. Answer is C.
10. Answer is D.
Chapter 10: The Life of the People in the High Middle Ages, 1000-1300
i>Clicker Questions
Which of the following is not a category within the popular image of society in the High Middle Ages?
A. Those who pray
B. Those who rule C. Those who fight
How did the advent of the money economy affect the status of the serfs?
A. Many serfs saved money and used it to buy their freedom. B. Lords were able to purchase larger numbers of serfs. C. With greater access to money, noblemen drove small farmers out of business and forced them into serfdom. D. Serfs found their money consistently devalued by inflation, limiting their ability to build up cash reserves.
How did the productivity of agricultural communities improve in the tenth and eleventh centuries?
A. Reduced warfare permitted more stable agriculture development. B. Increased taxes required communities to bring more land into cultivation. C. Knowledge from the Near East about methods for water irrigation helped to solve the problem of drought. D. Several new mechanisms such as the wind and water mill replaced or aided human labor.
Which of the following does not correctly characterize medical care during the twelfth century?
A. Barber-surgeons offered help to individuals suffering from wounds and broken bones. B. Physicians displaced midwives as the primary deliverers of new born children. C. Apothecaries aided people with internal ailments with mixtures of herbs, salts metals and other ingredients.
D. Untrained traditional healers learned healing techniques from parents or older people.
What tensions existed between the church and the people over saints?
A. People often venerated saints not authorized by the church. B. The church discouraged the veneration of saints because it drew focus away from Christ. C. People resisted the veneration of saints because of the expense involved. D. The church frequently created new saints, creating confusion among the people.
C. Convents were generally filled with individuals abandoned by their families and lacking economic resources. D. Convents generally held a broad mix of social classes, mirroring the outside world.
9. Answer is C.
10. Answer is B.
Which of the following was not the typical origin of a medieval town?
A. Towns emerged around former religious sites of preChristian cultures. B. Towns began as fortifications built in response to Viking invasions. C. Towns grew up around great cathedrals and monasteries that drew in potential customers.
What role did the leaders of the merchant guild hold in most towns?
A. They were deeply distrusted because of prejudice about the moral reliability of individuals who profited from trade. B. They directed one of several guilds in the town, but the other guilds had significant ability to limit the merchant guilds power by refusing to sell them the wares the other guilds produced. C. They were viewed as the most moral leaders in the town because their wealth freed them from the daily toil of work. D. They formed an oligarchy, controlling economic life and negotiating with kings and lords for political independence.
How did Peter Abelards scholarship differ from most of his colleagues?
A. Abelard embraced the writings of pre-Christian philosophers, believing they still revealed Christian truths. B. Abelard discussed and analyzed theological principles rather than merely asserting them. C. Abelard questioned the inerrancy of scripture in his effort to accommodate the Bible to knowledge about the workings of nature.
D. Abelard employed Jewish and Islamic scholarship in order to interpret Christian doctrine.
How did the urban environment affect the Dominican and Franciscan orders?
A. They only accepted members who were from a merchant family background. B. They preferred that their members be university graduates able to communicate with an urban population. C. They placed considerable effort into managing their lands and property to demonstrate to the urban merchant class the economic value of their spirituality.
D. They ignored the poor in order to gain political and economic support from the urban elites.
How did the new orders of Dominicans and Franciscans differ from the Benedictine tradition?
A. The Dominicans and Franciscans adopted vows (silence for Dominicans and self-mortification for the Franciscans) that made it difficult for them to interact with the broader population. B. The Dominicans and Franciscans emphasized mystical spiritual devotion over scholarly theological pursuits. C. The Dominicans and Franciscans were friars, not monks, and sought to engage with ordinary Christians rather than secluding themselves. D. The Dominicans and Franciscans refused to participate in the Inquisition for it violated their sense of brotherly love.
6. Answer is B.
7. Answer is D. 8. Answer is D.
9. Answer is B.
10. Answer is C.
Why did storms and poor weather directly affect local populations in the High Middle Ages?
A. Communities refused to build stockpiled reserves of food for fear that the food would waste. B. Poor weather disrupted the long-distance networks that brought grains to warm climates and livestock products to colder climates. C. Storms and poor weather had little affect on local populations, as food supplies were drawn from a wide network of markets.
D. Most urban areas depended on food within one days travel, and transportation of food was expensive.
In addition to fleas, how else was the plague typically spread in the fourteenth century?
A. Through sexual contact B. Through infected and spoiled food C. From one person to another by coughing and sneezing D. By priests distributing the Eucharist
Why did some French nobles side with the English in the 100 Years War?
A. The English king promised them more lands and reduced taxes.
B. They believed Edward III had been illegally denied the throne.
C. The English king had demonstrated superior military ability, and the nobles wished to side with the victorious party. D. They sought to thwart the efforts of the French monarchy to centralize political authority.
How did the English Parliament expand its authority during the course of the 100 Years War?
A. The King signed legislation requiring that all nonfeudal taxes must have approval by Parliament. B. The King recognized the right of Parliament to meet every year in order to discuss the business of the central government. C. The Parliament claimed the right to authorize or forbid the use of the army outside of England.
D. The Parliament claimed the right to recall a king who violated the fundamental laws of the realm.
D. A steady market in sexual services, with cities establishing legal houses of prostitution.
How does Chaucers Canterbury Tales reflect the cultural tensions of the fourteenth century?
A. The characters in the story are noble by birth but act in ways stereotypically identified with ignorant peasants. B. The characters in the story are peasants but behave in a manner exhibiting nobility, intellect, and honor. C. The characters in the story are Christian by faith but more prominently materialistic, sensual, and worldly. D. The characters in the story reject the Christian faith but embrace its ideals of love and virtue.
9. Answer is C.
10. Answer is B.
D. After centuries of darkness, the glory of the classical past is being reborn in the work of rare men of genius.
How did the nobility in northern Italy respond to the growth of power and wealth among the urban merchant guilds?
A. The nobility sponsored literary and artistic work on Roman history, emphasizing the role of patrician estate owners as the key to Roman power.
B. The nobility moved to the cities and married into the rich commercial families.
C. The nobility emphasized uniquely noble privileges as markers of honor and status.
D. The nobility claimed all of the leading political offices in the cities as noble offices.
How did the Renaissance writers interpret Julius Caesars role in Roman history?
A. Julius Caesars role in transforming Rome from a republic to an empire marked the beginning of Romes decline. B. Julius Caesars decision to cross the Rubicon and seize Rome serves as the central moment of Romes daring to achieve greatness. C. Julius Caesars embrace of Cleopatra marked the synthesis of West and East, with Western dominance assured. D. Julius Caesars murder serves as the moment when humans, rather than God, can be understood as the driving force in history.
In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, how did art in northern Europe differ from art in Italy?
A. Northern art was more pastoral, depicting peasant communities. B. Northern art was more religious in orientation. C. Northern art was more innovative in technique, developing the idea of perspective. D. Northern art relied more on themes and stories drawn from classical literature.
How did the hierarchy of wealth differ from the hierarchy of orders?
A. The hierarchy of wealth allowed more change than the hierarchy of status as families wealth increased and decreased. B. The hierarchy of wealth allowed the wealthy to create closed oligarchies in which they could monopolize all meaningful sources of wealth creation. C. The hierarchy of wealth created unstable societies as traditional status no longer carried social significance. D. The hierarchy of wealthy fractured traditional political forms such as patronage and family alliances.
How did the French monarchy and the papacy resolve the conflict over the appointment of church officials?
A. The papacy reserved the right to appoint officials, and the king gained control over the revenues of church lands. B. The papacy received the first years income of new bishops and abbots, and the king had the right to select bishops and abbots. C. The papacy gained authority over the appointment of officials, but the independent church courts and military had to be eliminated.
D. The papacy gained revenue rights over church lands but forfeited the right to enforce the Inquisition in France.
In reorganizing his royal power, to whom did Charles VII of France give more influence?
A. The high nobility B. The clergy C. Lawyers and bankers D. Military commanders
9. Answer is B.
10. Answer is C.
In the early sixteenth century, men and women demonstrated their religious piety through all of the following means except
A. village processions honoring local saints.
D. Salvation came through faith as a free gift of God without human effort.
How did Luther justify his rejection of the peasants in the Peasants War?
A. Luther believed freedom meant independence from the authority of the Roman church, not authority from legitimate secular power. B. Luther asserted that the peasants were seeking to reestablish Catholicism throughout Germany. C. Luther claimed that the Bible forbids Christians to ever rebel against or challenge royal or noble authority.
D. Luther fully justified the peasant rebellion but asserted that as a spiritual leader he should not speak out on a secular issue.
Why did Henry VIII believe that God was displeased with his marriage to Catherine of Aragon?
A. Henry had married Catherine in order to secure a political alliance but had not had sexual relations with her and rarely saw her. B. Henry believed that the Islamic heritage in Spain had made the Spanish displeasing to God and therefore his marriage to a Spaniard was incurring Gods wrath. C. Henry believed that Catherines failure to produce any children was evidence that she had brought Spanish lovers with her from Spain.
D. Catherine had been married to Henrys older brother who died, and marriage to a brothers widow violated canon law.
How did Henry VIII dispose of lands seized from the church?
A. He distributed the land among the poor in order to prevent peasant revolts against his religious reforms. B. He used the lands to found hospitals and poorhouses to replaced the now defunct Catholic charitable institutions. C. He gave the land to the new Church of England in order to win over the loyalty of the clergy. D. He distributed land to the upper classes, tying them both to the Tudor dynasty and the new Protestant church.
How do many historians understand the developments within the Catholic Church after the Reformation as two movements?
A. As an internal reform movement tied to earlier reform efforts and as a movement that opposed Protestantism. B. As a reform movement to expand church authority over political authority and as a movement opposed to Protestantism C. As a reform movement to improve management of church lands and as a movement to expand church authority over political authority D. As an internal reform movement and as a movement to expand church authority over political authority
Why did inquisitions often not lead to the executions of accused witches?
A. Local populations came to the protection of those accused of witchcraft, vouching for their devotion to Christianity. B. The required standards of proof were significantly high so that rarely could guilt be legally established. C. Inquisitors doubted that most people made pacts with the devil and instead believed peasants to be superstitious and ignorant. D. Most accused witches admitted to witchcraft, proving the devils spell was broken.
9. Answer is C.
10. Answer is B.
What relationship did Vasco da Gama forge with the Indians in Calicut?
A. He established a trade alliance that included a neutral council to resolve trade disputes. B. He angered the Muslim merchants with his arrogance and failed to forge any trading alliances. C. He established a Portuguese colony on the Indian coast and agreed to pay local leaders a 12% tax on all goods sold. D. He forged a trade monopoly with the Indian emperor that gave Portugal exclusive rights to trade with Europe.
Why did fierce competition emerge over fishing for cod in the waters off Newfoundland?
A. Control of the cod trade would provide economic support for colonial development. B. The schools of cod served as insurance against starvation and famine in Europe. C. Catholic prohibition of eating meat on Fridays and during Lent created a thriving market for fish.
What crop did the Spanish establish over their entire domain in the Americas?
A. Corn B. Grapes C. Olives D. Wheat
Why did Spains productive capacity decline during its golden age?
A. The Spanish economy could not meet the demand for goods, leading to widespread inflation, which increased production costs. B. The Americas supplied so many manufactured goods to Spain that Spain itself did not need to manufacture products. C. With the wealth from the Americas, many people were able to stop working, causing production to diminish. D. Spain focused its activities on spreading Christianity through warfare in Europe and through missionaries in its colonies.
9. Answer is A.
10. Answer is D.
In Western Europe, which of the following was not one of the primary groups within rural life?
A. The independent farmer who owned enough land to support his family and who served as an agent for the noble lord B. Small landowners and tenant farmers who sold their best produce to earn money for taxes, rent, and food C. Rural workers who worked as dependent laborers and servants D. Serfs who were required to work for the local lord and did not own land in their own right
How did the urban-rural dynamic change in Eastern Europe in the seventeenth century?
A. Towns gained control over agricultural markets and forced rural communities to support the services that towns provided. B. Landlords sold agricultural products directly to foreigners, bypassing towns, which caused the urban middle class to greatly decline. C. Towns gained broad political privileges as they established manufacturing establishments, linking the growing middle class to the urban environment. D. Landlords increasingly moved to towns and established vibrant urban cultures while leaving the rural countryside to estate managers.
What role did women play within the French patronage systems?
A. Women served as pawns who were exchanged as marriage partners, with no control over their marriage options. B. Women brokered alliances among families and sustained family connections, as well as recommended individuals for honors. C. Women offered advice to husbands but remained distinctly in the background as etiquette demanded. D. Women controlled the patronage networks, since marriages could not be agreed on without the consent of the bride and her mother.
In Austria and Prussia, what did nobles receive in exchange for growing monarchical authority?
A. Nobles remained unchallenged masters of their peasants. B. Nobles gained the right to establish a monopoly on manufacturing. C. Nobles were permitted to claim church lands. D. Nobles were granted the authority to expel all Jews from their lands.
D. The Ottomans trained slaves, and the most talented slaves rose to the top of the bureaucracy.
Why were religious tensions in England increasing in the early seventeenth century?
A. Puritans believed the Church of England needed to be cleansed of Roman Catholic elements. B. Jews were demanding greater civil rights. C. Anglican bishops sought to reclaim church lands seized during the Reformation. D. Catholics priests sought the right to accept positions within Anglican churches.
How did the coronation of William and Mary resolve the issue of sovereignty in England?
A. Parliament was recognized as the sovereign authority, with the right to remove or overthrow monarchs who challenged its authority. B. Sovereignty was divided between the monarchy and parliament, and the king ruled with the consent of the governed. C. The monarchy was recognized as the sovereign authority, with Parliament having the ability to shape or influence monarchical decisions. D. The Parliament was identified as the sovereign authority, but its authority was limited by both the courts and the monarchy.
The Catholic Church wanted the baroque movement to promoted what sensibility?
A. An intensely emotional, exuberant sensibility that emphasized ceaseless striving B. A highly structured and ordered sensibility that emphasized reason C. A measured, calm sensibility that emphasized reflective contemplation D. A mystical style promoting fear and wonder
9. Answer is B.
10. Answer is A.
How did Ptolemy account for the apparent backward motion of planets?
A. He asserted that the speed of the earths rotation increased and decreased with the tides. B. He asserted that the planets moved in small circles as they moved along the larger circles of their orbits. C. He asserted that the light of planets was refracted by the earths atmosphere, creating the illusion of backward movement.
D. He asserted that God had created backward motion to confound the pagans and lead them to God.
D. Copernicus refused to believe that God would have revealed the true nature of the heavens to a non-Christian pagan.
What was the central component of Isaac Newtons unified system of the universe?
A. The suns gravitational force holds the universe in a stable system. B. Every body in the universe attracts every other body in a precisely mathematical relationship. C. The force of attraction in the universe emanates from a single source that drives and orders the universe. D. The force of attraction is balanced against an equal force of repulsion that establishes stability.
What did Montesquieu believe was the central condition to promote liberty and prevent tyranny?
A. A wealthy middle class that established prosperity and valued education B. A division of political power among a variety of classes holding unequal rights C. A set of representative institutions that held regular elections
D. A space inside of royal palaces where commoners were permitted to watch kings and the nobility perform court rituals
D. With his cultural activities, Frederick justified the monarchy in terms of promoting civilization.
D. An alliance of middle-class merchants and the state will provide the greatest avenue toward economic growth.
9. Answer is C.
10. Answer is A.