DISEDIAKAN OLEH: EN.

KAMARUZAMAN BIN ABD SAMAD

Tiny living things that are not visible to the naked and can only be viewed under a microscope

Bacteria Fungi

Protozoa Virus

Algae

Chromosome Cell wall

Characteristic
Unicellular Not have true nucleus Size 0.5m10m Most found everywhere

Cytoplasm Flagellum Cell membrane

Shape

Bacilli
Cocci

Spirilla Vibrios

Binary fission(Asex)

Reproduction
Conjugation(Sex)

Formation spores(Asex)

Mode of nutrition
Saprophytic Feeding on decay organic matter

Autotrophic Make own food

Parasitic Obtain the nutrient from the host

Characteristic
Unicellular (10m-100m) / multicellular Dont have chlorophyll Have hyphae Cell wall up from chitin Live in dark, moist warm environment

Modes Of Nutrition Parasitism: Live on the living tissue of their host Saprophytism: Take the nutrient from dead host

Spore

Hyphae

Mycelium: Make up of
branching

Mycelium

Hyphae: Penetrates
throughout the food source

Budding (Asex)

Formation spores (Asex)

Conjugation (Sex)

Characteristic
Unicellular (5m-250m) Motile

Modes of Nutrition
Parasitism Saprophytism Autotroph
Amoeba Food vacuole Food vacuole Nucleus Contractile vacuole Paramecium Macronucleus Micronucleus

Cilium

Oral groove

Contractile vacuole

Binary Fission

Conjugation

Head

Characteristic
Smallest microorganism (0.006m-0.4m) Dont carry any living thing character

Tail

Base plate

Shape of Virus

Modes of Nutrition
Parasitism
Tobacco mosaic Spherical Tadpole

Algae Bloom

Characteristic
Size 1m - 10000m Simple aquatic plant No proper root, stem, leaves and vascular system Contain chlorophyll
Chlamydomonas

Accumulation in the population of algae result in large scale death of aquatic animal and plant.

Modes of Nutrition
Autotroph photosynthesis Have pigment

Temperature
Inactive: low tem. Active: 35oC-45oC Death: Temp. over 50oC

pH
Most prefer alkaline pH 7.4 or neutral High of acid can kill the microorganism

Light Intensity
Prefer dark environment Some need light

Nutrient
Need nutrient for survive Exp. Parasite, Saprophyte

Humidity
Need water for survive Form spore in dry condition

Medicine
Dead bacteria and virus produce vaccine Exmp: Insulin, penicillin (fungi)

Decay process Food digestion

Bacteria in an intestine help the digestion Decompose the dead living thing

Industry Agriculture
Nitrogen fixing bacteria: Fix nitrogen: Fertilizer Kill pest: Myxomatosis virus control the population of rabbit Produce the food product (yogurt)

Virus, bacteria, protozoa and fungi considered to be PATHOGEN. PATHOGEN : Microorganism that can cause disease Attack and destroy host cell or tissues Tooth decay The formation of plaque (bacteria+saliva+food)

Produce poisonous

Food poisoning Cause by eating contaminated food. Bacteria release toxin

Cholera
Pathogen: Vibrios bacteria Place infection: Intestine Transmitted: Food or water Symptoms: Vomitting, diarrhoea Effect: Dehydration/death

Tuberculosis Pathogen:Bacilli bacteria Place infection: Lung Transmitted: Air Symptoms: Dry cough, lost weight Effect: Respiratory failure

Syphilis Pathogen:Spiral bacteria Place infection:Reproductive, Skin / Organ Transmitted:Sex Symptoms:Red pimple, fever, headache. Effect:Deafness, hearth failure, paralysis

Gonorrhea Pathogen:Coccus bacteria Place infection:Reproductive Transmitted:Sex Symptoms:Penis excrete pus, inflamation of urethra Effect: Testes swollen, fallopian tube block

Dengue fever Pathogen: Dengue virus Place infection: blood vessel Transmitted: mosquitoes Symptoms: Fever 5-7 day, pain in joint, headache Effect: bleeding in mouth, nose & death AIDS Pathogen: HIV 1 & 2 Place infection: Immune system Transmitted: Sex, blood transfer Symptoms: Fever, inflammation of lymph Effect: Pneumonia, Kaposis sarcoma

Common cold (Influenza) Pathogen: Viral virus Place infection: nose and throat Transmitted: Air Symptoms: Fever, sneezing Effect: Pneumonia, bronchitis

Hepatitis Place infection: Liver Transmitted: Touch Symptoms: Fatigue, poor appetite, liver swollen Effect: Cirrhosis, cancer

Tinea Phatogen: Round fungi Place of infection: body, hand, legs, face Symptom: Skin appear bright with white spots

Ringworm Placed infection: below the breast, gap between finger, toes Symptom: Infected area appear red, wound and bleeding Effect:

Malaria Pathogen: Plasmodium sp. Place infection: bloodstream Symptom: Fever, headache, nausea Effect: Anaemia

Air
Droplet infection (sneezing, cough) Exp: influenza, tuberculosis

Water
Contaminated water (faeces,urine) Exp: cholera

Food
Contaminated food Exp: Hepatisis, cholera

Contact
Indirectly: touch the infected thing (tinea) Directly: Having sex, touch (gonorrhea)

Vector
Animal carry pathogen Exp: malaria

To prevent humans from being infected by certain disease

To help the infected person recovers fast

To prevent the disease from getting worse

To prevent an outbreak and spread of certain disease

Sterilisation

Control of vector

Immunisation

Use heat : autoclave, boiling Use chemicals : antiseptic, disinfectants Use radiation: ultraviolet

Active (body produce antibody) Passive (Body receives antibody) Natural From mother milk Artificial Antibody inject into the body

Artificial Obtained through vaccination

Natural Obtained after recovery

Antibiotic
Chemical product made from microorganism to kill off another microorganism

Antiserum
Blood serum which contain antibodies for certain disease

The effect
Prevention cell wall formation Disruption of the cell membrane Disruption of chemical process