BY

SUSEELA.K
CSE

CONTENTS
1.WHAT IS TOUCH SCREEN? 2.HISTORY 3.CONSTRUCTION 4.TECHNOLOGIES 5.TOUCH SCREEN COMPARE 6.ERGONOMICS AND USAGE 7.DEVELOPMENT

WHAT IS TOUCH SCREEN

A touchscreen is a display that

can detect the presence and location of a touch within the display area.

HISTORY
Touch screens emerged from academic and corporate research labs in the second half of the 1960s. One of the first places where they gained some visibility was in the terminal of a computerassisted learning terminal that came out in 1972 as part of the PLATO project Invented in 1971 by Dr Samuel Hurst they have found a use in a wide variety of applications

CONSTRUCTION

TECHNOLOGIES
Resistive Surface acoustic wave Capacitive Projected capacitance Infrared Strain gauge Optical imaging Dispersive signal technology

Acoustic pulse recognition

RESISTIVE

A resistive touchscreen panel is composed of several layers, the most important of which are two thin, metallic, electrically conductive layers separated by a narrow gap.

SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology uses ultrasonic waves that pass over the touchscreen panel. When the panel is touched, a portion of the wave is absorbed

CAPACITIVE

PROJECTED CAPACETANCE

Projected Capacitive Touch (PCT) technology is a type of capacitive technology which involves the relationship between an XY array of sensing wires embedded within two layers of non-metallic material,

INFRARED

The LED and photosensor pairs create a grid of light beams across the display. An object (such as a finger or pen) that touches screen interrupts the light beams, causing a measured decrease in light at the corresponding photosensors

STRAIN GAUGE

In a strain gauge configuration, also called force panel technology, the screen is spring-mounted on the four corners and strain gauges are used to
determine deflection when the screen is touched

OPTICAL IMAGING

A relatively-modern development in touchscreen technology, two or more image sensors are placed around the edges (mostly the corners) of the screen

DISPRESIVE SIGNAL TECNOLOGY

Introduced in 2002 by 3M, this system uses sensors to detect the mechanical energy in the glass that occurs due to a touch. Complex algorithms then interpret this information and provide the actual location of the touch.

ACOUSTIC PULSE RECOGNITION

This system, developed by Tyco International's Elo division, uses more than two piezoelectric transducers located at some positions of the screen to turn the mechanical energy of a touch (vibration) into an electronic signal

TOUCH SCREEN COMPARE

Technology Durability: Stability: Transparency: Installation: Touch:

4-Wire 3 Year High Ok Built-in/Onwall Anything 5 Year Higher Good

SAW

5-Wire 3 Year High Good Built-in/Onwall Anything

Infrared 3 Year High Good Onwall Sharp 2 Year Ok Ok Built-in

Capacitive

Built-in/Onwall Finger/Pen

Sharp - option prevented

Intense light- resistant:

Response time: Following Speed: Excursion: Monitor option: Waterproof:

Good
<10ms Good No CRT Good

Good
10ms low Small CRT Ok

Good
<15ms Good Big CRT or LCD Good

Bad
<20ms Good Big CRT Ok

Bad
<15ms Good Big CRT or LCD Good

ERGONOMICS AND USAGE

Finger stress
Fingernail as stylus

Fingerprints
Combined with haptics "Gorilla arm"

DEVLOPMENT
Virtually all of the significant touchscreen technology patents were filed during the 1970s and 1980s and have expired. Touchscreen component manufacturing and product design are no longer encumbered by royalties or legalities with regard to patents and the manufacturing of touchscreenenabled displays on all kinds of devices is widespread. The development of multipoint touchscreens facilitated the tracking of more than one finger on the screen, thus operations that require more than one finger are possible. These devices also allow multiple users to interact with the touchscreen simultaneously.