PRESENTED BY

G.SATYA PRATAP gsp4u.rit@gmail.com K.VEENA veena_kompella@yahoo.co.in

CONTENT :
Introduction History of Free Space Power Transmission Wireless energy transfer How Does WPT Work WPT Today Solar energy conversion Solar Energy: A limitless source of energy Development of a Functional System Model of the Solar Power Satellite Rectenna Brief introduction of Schottky Barrier Diode Efficiency Applications of WPT Advantages of SPS Conclusion

Regency Institute of Technology

Introduction
A "world system" for "the transmission of electrical energy

without wires" that depends upon the electrical conductivity of the earth was proposed by Tesla in 1904. WPT is exactly what the name states, to transfer electrical power from a source to a device without the aid of wires. As wireless technologies were being developed during the early 1900s, researchers further investigated these different wireless transmission methods.

Regency Institute of Technology

History of Free Space Power Transmission

A power conversion device from microwave to DC, called a rectenna,Was invented and used for the microwave-powered helicopter. Later, the point contact semiconductor diodes were replaced by silicon Schottky-barrier diodes, which raised the microwave-to-DC conversion efficiency from 40 % to 84 %. Power was successfully transferred from the transmitting large parabolic antenna dish to the distant rectenna site over a distance of 1.6 km. The DC output was 30 kW. The concept of the SPS was First proposed by P. E. Glaser in 1968 to meet both space-based and earth-based power needs. The SPS will generate electric power of the order of several hundreds to thousands of megawatts using photovoltaic cells of sizable area, and will transmit the generated power via a microwave beam to the receiving rectenna site.

Regency Institute of Technology

Wireless energy transfer

Wireless energy transfer or wireless power transmission is

the process that takes place in any system where electrical energy is transmitted from a power source to an electrical load, without interconnecting wires. Wireless transmission is employed in cases where instantaneous or continuous energy transfer is needed, but interconnecting wires are inconvenient, hazardous, or impossible. With wireless energy transfer, the efficiency is a more critical parameter and this creates important differences in these technologies.

Regency Institute of Technology

How Does WPT Work?

Wireless power transfer is a varied and complicated process.

The mechanisms of converting from RF energy to DC c and vise versa are the same for all WPT systems.
The process of converting DC to RF starts with the power, that will be transmitted is

first tapped from the main power grid at about 50Hz AC. The voltage is then reduced to a viable load for rectifying into DC. Solar power is a truly unlimited energy supply. A constant transmission of energy from the satellites down to earth would prove that there would be no need for costly storage devices to hold excess energy. However problems occur when trying to implement a WPT system .

Regency Institute of Technology

WPT Today
WPT is becoming a world renowned idea and is in a position to change the society in countless ways. In the U.S., Dr Joseph Hawkins and William Brown are experimenting with a fully operational microwave powered helicopter that was publicly demonstrated in 1995 at a conference for WPT in Japan. Using magnetic induction to make the conversion, the cyclotron was tested to have greater than 74% efficiency. Being concerned about global warming, Japan has created an energy plan that states that 30% of the worlds electrical needs will come from space by the year 2040. The equipment is not being developed but the plan is to have a series of solar powered satellites that would provide 1 GW of power each to the main power grid. Another experiment titled ISY-METS is one of the most successful among recent years. This proved to be one of the most important steps toward developing a solid WPT system.

Regency Institute of

Solar energy conversion

Two methods of converting photons to electricity have been studied,

Solar Dynamic (SD) and Photovoltaic (PV). . PV uses semiconductors (e.g. Silicon or Gallium Arsenide) to directly convert sunlight photons into electric potential. Commonly known as Solar cells.

A limitless source of energy

The solar energy that reaches the Earth is about 10,000 times total human energy production today and the energy available in near-Earth space is limitless. But in order to supply continuous electric power, solar systems on Earth need much greater area for collection, large scale energy storage for supply during the night- time and when it's cloudy, and long-distance transmission from desert areas to population centers.

Regency Institute of Technology

Development of a Functional System Model of the Solar Power Satellite

SPS is a strawman model of solar power satellites with microwave power output of 10 MW.

The primary objective of SPS research is to show whether SPS could be realized with the present technology and to find out technical problems.
SPS has the shape like a triangular prism as shown in Figure 2. SPS moves on an equatorial LEO at an altitude of 1100km.

The spacetenna directs a microwave power beam to the position where a pilot signal is transmitted from a groundbased segment of power system, the rectenna. Therefore, the spacetenna has to be a huge phased- array antenna in size with a retro directive beam control capability.
So, microwave circuits are connected to each antenna element and driven by DC power generated in the huge solar panels. A frequency of 2.45 GHz is assigned to transmit power to the earth.

Regency Institute of Technology

Rectenna
It is a special type of antenna that rectifies the incoming microwave radiation into DC current and hence thename Rectenna.

A rectenna comprises of a mesh of dipoles and diodes for absorbing microwave

energy from a transmitter and converting it into electric power. A simple rectenna can be constructed from a schottky diode placed between antenna dipoles as shown in Fig. 1. The diode rectifies the current induced in the antenna by the microwaves. Rectenna are highly efficient at converting microwave energy to electricity. In future rectennas will be used to generate large-scale power from microwave beams delivered from orbiting SPS satellites.

Regency Institute of Technology

Brief introduction of Schottky Barrier Diode

A Schottky barrier diode is different from a common P/N silicon diode. a Schottky barrier diode is formed by connecting a metal with a semiconductor. A Schottky barrier diode is a majority carrier device, while a common diode is a minority carrier device. Below is the comparison of power consumption between a common diode and a Schottky barrier diode:

P=0.6*1=0.6W P=1.1*1=1.1W

Another advantage of the Schottky barrier diode is a very low noise index that is very important for a communication receiver; its working scope may reach 20 GH

Regency Institute of Technology

Efficiency
The efficiency of wireless power is the ratio between power that reaches the receiver and the power supplied to the transmitter. Generally wirelessly transmitted energy is dispersed as the energy radiates into the environment or is lost as heat at the transmitter or receiver. Generally, wireless energy transfer works best at short range; Although long distances are possible if the transmitters and receivers are physically large, or The energy is able to be formed into a tight beam, such as with lasers or large microwave dishes.

Regency Institute of Technology

Advantages
The SPS concept arose because space has several major advantages over

earth for the collection of solar power. There is no air in space, so the satellites would receive somewhat more intense sunlight, unaffected by weather. More long-term, if not limiting the satellites to orbiting Earth, the potential amount of power production is enormous. This allows systems to avoid the expensive storage facilities (eg, lakes behind dams) necessary in many earth-based renewable or low impact power generation systems.

Regency Institute of Technology

APPLICATIONS
Wireless power transfer has the ability to change the world with all the different applications it has to offer. The first applications that consumers are most likely to see would be a charging station that will range from about one to five meters. Wireless power transfer charging systems are proven to have efficiencies near that of conventional charging devices. Once wireless power transfer becomes more advanced, the scale of applications can begin to grow. Once the range reaches around twenty meters, entire homes will be able to be charged by a single transmitter located close to the home. Once this point emerges, consumers can notice cars converting to completely electric with the capability of being wireless charged. Roads will adapt to have wireless chargers spaced so far apart so a car will be able to run endlessly. Wireless power transfer also has an application in the medical field.

Regency Institute of Technology

Conclusion
From the above presentation we concluded that through use of wireless

power reception through Rectenna is helpful for power generation throughout 365 days in a year. With out any shortages it is prefered to use this technique in developing countries like India for power generation. The wireless system would combine electrical power transmission along with broadcasting and wireless telecommunications, allowing for the elimination of many existing high-tension power transmission lines and facilitate the interconnection of electrical generation plants on a global scale.

Regency Institute of Technology

PRESENTED BY:
G.SATYA PRATAP gsp4u.rit@gmail.com K.VEENA veena_kompella@yahoo.co.in

?ANY? ?QUESTIONS?