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Mechanism of Patent Search
Mechanism of Patent Search
Classification searching - International Patent Classification (IPC), European Classification (ECLA), Current US Classification (USPC)
Text searching - Patent number, application number, publication number, priority number ,Inventor or assignee (applicant)/Company and Organization Names, keywords in (title, abstract, description, claims).
Citation searching - is a review of the documents cited by a patent of interest, as well as a review of the documents citing the patent of interest.
Syntax
-Is the search language for the database you are using -Different search engines rarely use the exact same search language. -Same syntax query in two different databases may give no result or erroneous results
Keyword searching
Done from (Title, abstract, claims) On the basis of -what is the invention -what does the invention do? -what application/problem does it solve?
Boolean operators
Boolean operators help you combine words or phrases to broaden or narrow your search.
Boolean Operator AND Example Mobile and Telephone Function Finds documents which have both mobile and telephone Finds documents which have either mobile or telephone or both Finds documents which have only mobile. The NOT operator excludes telephone completely
OR
Mobile or Telephone
NOT
Nested query Hair and dye or colorant (one or two and layer) and insulation
How it is interpreted (following order of precedence) (Hair and dye) or colorant (one or (two and layer)) and insulation
Phrase searching
This means two or more words entered without commas or other operators will be treated as a unit a phrase when the search is performed
relational database
relational databases related databases relational databases method for querying multiple, distributed databases by selective sharing of local relative... method relating to databases database relational extenders
on
off
Proximity searching
Finds words that are near each other, rather than a literal phrase in which the words must be right next to each other .Helps to specify how near/distant you want your search terms to be.
Proximity operator "~"/ "~n" Query Results Documents with both enzyme and peptide, where both are within 3 words of each other
"Enzyme peptide"~3
(inorganic <near/10> Documents with word inorganic near solvents) <in> claims solvent with next 10 words will be shown. (inorganic <order> <near/10> solvents) <in> claims Documents with word inorganic near solvent with next 10 words will be shown but inorganic will precede solvent.
<WITH> <SAME>
Word stemming
Is a language related tool, which determines the root of a word first, and then retrieves all possible variants.
Search term Compose Word stemming On (searches for variants of compose) Off (searches for exact word) On (searches for variants of compose) Matching results would have the words Compose, composes, composed, composing, composable, composition etc Composition Composition, Compositions, Compose, composes, composed, composing, composable etc.
Composition Composition
DNA^5 or RNA
DNA is 5 times more important to the relevancy of documents than RNA. Finds all documents with either DNA or RNA, or both, but all other factors remaining the same, rank documents with DNA higher Patent on toothbrush holders are twice as important as any other kinds of holders. The no. enclosed in brackets corresponds to the weightage of the term.
Wildcards/truncation
Allows you to retrieve documents containing variations of a search term. Wildcard symbols can be used to replace a single letter or a part of a word, or one or more numbers.
Wildcard Query Result
? ? *
*
carbon ,carbox ,carboy Analyse and Analyze carbon ,carbonate ,carbonated ,carbohydrate ,carbonyl ,carboxylic ,Carborane ,carbonless
carbonate ,carbohydrate ,carboxylate-sulfate carboxydiketonate ,carbocysteinate carboxysulfonate ,carbothiolate carboxylic-acid-amidothiolcarbamate
(Canon <in> PA) AND (image <in> TI) AND (PD>1988-12-31 AND PD<1991-01-01)
Class/Subclass searching
IPC , USPC , ECLA classification classify each patent into class and subclasses concerning their respective related fields.
The United States Patent & Trademark Office (USPTO) classifies patents by subject matter. There are hundreds of different categories, and each of the categories has many sub-categories (and often, each of the sub-categories has sub-categories). Foe ex:- a patent having 330/4 USPC code belongs to class 330 having subclass 4
Class/Subclass searching
The "IPC" (International Patent Classification) and the "ECLA" (European Classification). The format of these classifications is as follows. A sample IPC would be C12N 7/00; it consists of a section (letter-C), class (numbers-12), subclass (letter-N), main group (numbers-7), a slash, and the subgroup (numbers-00). However, it may be as short as a section and class. ECLA is really an extended version of the IPC system. ECLA adds addition letters or numbers on to the end of the IPC classification on to the end to allow for more categories, and thus hopefully more accurate categorization.
Databases
Patent databases Free databases US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) Espacenet - European Patent Office (EPO) WIPO database Google patent search Free patent online, Patentgenius, Patent Lens, Indian patent office
Non patent databases
Databases
Subject databases Biotechnology NPL- (Elsevier, science direct, Springer link, oxford press) Patents- BIOSIS, BIOTECHABS/BIOTECHADS
Delphion
WIPO
USPTO
Google patents
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