Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2.final Energy Efficiency
2.final Energy Efficiency
2.final Energy Efficiency
For an average increase of 1 % in the Efficiency would result in: Coal savings of approx. 11 million tons per annum worth Rs.13,000 Million CO2 reduction about 13.5 million tons per annum Lower generation cost per kWh as more efficient the unit works, the more economical it is.
contd
Design is not the best achievable performance
Predicted performance based on Turbine Heat Balance Diagrams and Boiler Efficiency at different loads Design is based on specific ambient conditions that vary throughout the year Actual initial performance could be different from design or changes might have been made to plant Current performance to be compared to an achievable expected value to establish efficiency gaps
BEHAVIOURAL IMPACTS
-Low heat value results in over firing of fuel causing more heat availability for super heater and re-heater thus more attempration spray requirement. Hence increase in THR, overloading of ash handling system, fans and increased soot blowing -Moisture content increase causes increase in heat transfer to S.H, and R.H. Hence again increase in attempration spray and THR. -Ash composition and contents increases damage to pressure parts surfaces because of melting behavior of low fusion ash temperature of blended coal in particular. -In consistency in fired fuel characteristics results in variation in excess air requirement thereby increasing stack loss and hence boiler efficiency reduction, overloading of ID Fan and ultimately unit load limitation.
-High heat value causes excessive radiant heat transfer to water walls thereby leaving lesser heat for super heater and re-heater.
Contd.
IMPACTS
-
contd
Normally excess air ranges from 15% to 30% of stoichiometric air. -High O2 % and presence of CO at ID Fan outlet are indicator of air in leakages and improper combustion in furnace. -Poorly effective damper control also is the cause of higher SEC of fans both primary and secondary. -The quality and purity of feed water and make up water is also required to be maintained in a meticulous way by limiting blow down losses to nearly 1% and by checking the passing and leakages of valves. However, maximum 3% of flow can be taken as make up for these causes including soot blowing requirements. -Soot blowing is dependent on ash contents and is unit specific. Intelligently devised soot blowing can result in saving the fuel.
Contd.
IMPACTS
contd
-Cascading effects on efficiency, loading and availability because of following systems and equipments performance also needed to be looked into. The systems are:Fuel receiving, preparation and handling systems. Pulverizing system Air Heater Fans Electrostatic Precipitator Fly ash handling system Bottom ash handling system Waste disposal system
EXHAUST PRESSURE
Increase & decrease in exhaust pressure do affect the THR. Though no valid thumb rule has been devised so far, however last stage blade design & exhaust area of turbine do affect the impact of changing exhaust pressure.
AIR PRE-HEAT.
Air preheat of combustion air before entry to regenerative air heater is done with either with steam coil air pre - heater or hot water pre heating coil to maintain AVERAGE COLD & TEMPERATURE (ACET) to escape dew point temperature complications. Condensate retrieval is necessary to avoid deterioration to THR depending upon unit load and combustion pre heating duty.
CONDENSATE SUB-COOLING
For 30% total flow and 2.5 deg C subcooling ,an increase of 0.001% in THR can be there for every subsequent 10% increase in flow.
PERFORMANCE MONITORING
-Analyze the poor efficiency areas from previous record .
-Zero down to specific system and then to component. -Carry out performance/diagnostic study as suggested in the Auditing Manual & operating manual. -Devise a unit specific efficiency control sheet for few terminal conditions (Act vs Des). -Monitor once per shift to know the operating efficiency and check any deterioration.
Thank You