Argentina

Click to edit Master subtitle style Geomar Ativo Jerome Gatus Victor Immanuel Icasiano Christian Montellano Peter Nonato 4ALM

Argentina Demographics

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Clima Terrai te n

Populatio Population: n: 11,000,000 41,769,73 Argentin 0 e

Spanish Language
The Constitution guarantees freedom of religion

HISTORY of Argentina

 In 2003, President New Millenium Crisis and Kirchner took Spanish 2007, Cristina short-lived Spaniards founded a Diaz de office. On explorer Juan Fernndez Recovery: settlement on the to at today's Solis became the first military As inflation became a seriousthe presidency Argentina Buenos Aires. European returned bay de Kirchner took over site to the of economy after landed on from her Argentina issue rule. reach husband, was winning and Itseffects of theand further the shores of the Rio de la Plata elections with 44% of crisis damaged by a warin thethe vote. became apparent with the Great the estuary Spain the Falkland formed one the large Britain inKirchner remained byhighly 1982 over createda form of Nstor increased confluence ofcolonyUruguay of the River Islands (Called the Islas out Malvinas its territories influential politicianRiver inon southduring the the term unemployment and poverty, and the Paran After heavy by Argentines). eastern of Cristina Fernndez de Kirchner. then President Eduardosides South America. border bothThis Argentina and losses by between colony was called Argentina DuhaldeThe press developed theof Colonel choseIsabel Peron, a the Viceroyalty of Uruguay moderate, wife term surrendered, but did not abandon the Rio de la Juan Peron, then became "presidential islands. Plata low-profile economist, Roberto to make the its The Great marriage" claim to the first woman them in reference the of invaded Spain. Lavagna, as his MinisterFalklands at andthe Depression began presidentonce. Defeat in to bothof to France Western Hemisphere after With Jose denation's San Martin, shatter economic and political Argentina's assembly political analysts compared A national economy Some Economy. worsening the The invasion gave The leadingmeasures economy. Argentina's flourishedaduring the typetheArmy againstmilitary drew up The economic Col. Peron's death.Spain, ConstitutionArgentine crises forced government with chance this of fight governmentBuenos Aires a a openly Argentina's problems Argentine declared its leaders establishedelections in late Argentina. rulers tobrought with the for 19th and the diarchy.call for inflation sympathised free independence. implemented increased after Isabel Peron to gain independence. The general led early 20th under1983. powers, year, Bernardino de control. After a Germany, Centurya military Axis his Italy, took office. Inflation rate dictatorship, army especially during and Argentine and untilbeat the Rivadavia, became the and Japan, to Duhalde March 1945,tasks deemed his shortly Spanish troopsTerrorism by political after World War I. militarytheir defeat. nation's first president. soared. in Chile. before dictatorships fulfilled.Argentines today honour San extremists became have often ruled the

1536 1516

17 76

1826 1816 1808 193920031945 present 1929- 19761974 1930 1983 199919141918

The colonization of Argentina

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Juan Diaz de Solis and Sebastian Cabot were the first European explorers to reach Argentina and established many settlements during the 1500s. Juan de Solis and Sebastian Cabots arrival sparked the initial conquest of

The Colonial Experience

Spain ruled Argentina for 300 years; earliest settlements came in search for gold and silver. The Spanish settlers forced many Indians in the Northwest to work for them by farming the land and weaving wool into cloth. Many Indians died of European diseases or were killed by Europeans. Spaniards brought horses, sheep, and cattle form Spain.

Independence in Argentina

Independence was achieved through their persistence and motivation. > Jose de San Martin led the fight to formally declare independence from the Spaniards > As a result of Argentinean Independence, the Constitution of 1853 was created

Formation of Government

The period of military dictatorship which ended in 1983, Argentina returned to the 1853 Constitution which was further amended in 1994. Government in Argentina is now operated via a representative, republican federal system which is similar to the federal system in the USA. The government in Argentina is formed of two separate legislative branches which are executive and bicameral and of these two houses, the Senate has 72 seats and the Chamber of Deputies has 257 seats. Argentina is further divided into a Federal Capital (the City of Buenos Aires) and 23 Provinces.

Argentina Economic Collapse

Argentina's many years of military dictatorship caused significant economic problems. During the socalled National Reorganization Process in the year 1976 up to 1983, the country went into debt for never-finished projects.

Reason One: Lack of Coordination Between Industry and Agriculture

> Governmental control of businesses and the economy Due to poor governmental decision making, Argentinas economy suffered from insufficient export capacity, meaning that the country was not selling enough goods and services to parties in foreign countries to be able to repay their loans Argentinas government also implements high tariffs on their imports and in turn other nations responded with high tariffs, which is why the country has not been able to increase their agricultural production.

Reason Two: Role of U.S. and IMF

> U.S. and IMF lend the country money Argentinas government looked to the US and IMF for money when their economy was in trouble and they needed help, instead of working to make changes within their country. The US and IMF continued to lend Argentina money, despite the countrys inability to pay back their debt. The US played the biggest role because it is the largest shareholder in the IMF and strongly influences any decisions made by the organization.

Reason Three: Menems Policies

> President Carlos Saul Menem He addressed Argentina's economic crisis by reducing the role of the state in the economy, opening up the country to foreign trade and investment, and allowing market forces to shape the course of economic recovery and expansion He immediately began a very liberal economic reform program that privatized the electricity sector, oil, telephone, water distribution, and railroad industries. Menem promised to deregulate the economy and let the market determine wages and prices rather than the government.

Reason Four: Governmental Corruption

> Political instability within the country and poor decision making by government officials. Argentina was governed by a democratic regime that allowed political insiders to live well from corruption or high salaries, while the general populations suffered from poor economic conditions Argentinas government officials continually overspent and used money for their own good and the government will borrow money internationally in order to cover its own deficits.

Reason Three: Menems Policies

> President Carlos Saul Menem He addressed Argentina's economic crisis by reducing the role of the state in the economy, opening up the country to foreign trade and investment, and allowing market forces to shape the course of economic recovery and expansion He immediately began a very liberal economic reform program that privatized the electricity sector, oil, telephone, water distribution, and railroad industries. Menem promised to deregulate the economy and let the market determine wages and prices rather than the government.

Recovery

On 25 May 2003, Nstor Kirchner took office as the new president.

> Banks are still not lending, but Argentines have helped their own economic growth by buying local goods rather than imports. This change has helped perk up local industries and has led to a small increase in consumption.

> There was very successful in making a large profit off the oil found in that part of the country President Kirchner enhance the industry sector as the domestic product improved and unemployment decreased. He also worked on improving agriculture and the agrarian industry in addition to revitalizing urban construction.

Agricultur e
Oilseeds & Cereals

Cattl e

Sheep Grazing Fisheri es

Fruits & Vegetables

Win e

Minin g
Lea d Zin c Uranium Ore

Petroleu m Copp er Ti n Iron Ore

Manganese Ore

Manufactur ing

Petrochemic al Textil Products e Pharmaceuti cal Products

Manufacturing cars

Machine

Electrical Machiner

Transp ort

Airport s

Port

Argentina Exports

T O U R I S M

GOVERNMENT

Government
Government President Vice President and President of the Senate Legislature Upper House Lower House Judiciary Supreme Court Federal representative presidential republic Cristina Kirchner Amado Boudou

Senate Chamber of Deputies nine members (one President, one Vice-President and seven Ministers), appointed by the President with approval of the Senate, who may be deposed by Congress

Provincial and Municipal Governments

Each province, except for Buenos Aires Province, is divided into districts called departments (departamentos). merely administrative divisions; do not have governing structures or authorities of their own. divided into municipalities (cities, towns and villages) ruled by mayors, usually called Intendant (intendente) in the case of cities and towns (the larger categories) has its own naming conventions and government systems for different kinds of municipalities The Province of Buenos Aires has a different system. Its territory is divided into 134 districts

Government
Each department/partido has a head town: "cabecera" CITY legislative body: "Deliberative Council (Concejo Deliberante)" TOWN Communal President (presidente communal) or a similarly named authority. Buenos Aires city, seat of the National Government, was declared an autonomous city by the 1994 constitutional reform. Its mayor, formerly chosen by the President of the Republic, is now elected by the people, and receives the title of Chief of Government (Jefe de Gobierno) Buenos Aires, as the provinces, has its own Legislative Branch (a unicameral Legislature) and

CULTURE

Music Tango serves as Argentine's musical symbol. Literature Federalists (favored a loose confederation of provinces based on rural conservatism) VS Unitarians (pro-liberalism, advocates of a strong central government that would encourage European immigration), set the tone for Argentine literature of the time. Visual Arts Font of the Nereids (1903) by Lola Mora part of the national landscape and today Film and Theatre Teatro Coln is a national

Culture

Jorge Luis Borges

Sports The official national sport of Argentina is pato, played with a six-handle ballon horseback, but the most popular sport is association football. Cuisine empanadas, locro (a mixture of corn, beans, meat, bacon, onion, and gourd), chorizo (a spicy sausage), and Dulce de leche Argentine wine industry is among the largest outside Europe. The country

Culture

Education After independence Argentina built a national public education system in comparison to other nations, placing the country high in the global rankings of literacy. literacy rate=97%, 3/8 adults over age 20 have completed secondary school studies or higher. The ubiquitous white uniform of Argentineschool children is a national

Culture