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01 FSSS Basic Concept and STD
01 FSSS Basic Concept and STD
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CONTENT Basic concept Function of BMS Furnace purge procedure STANDARDS / NFPA
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Main Functions Furnace purge before boiler light-up Oil firing: Permissives, Sequences and Protections Coal firing: Permissives, Sequences and Protections Master Fuel Trip (MFT) or Boiler Trip
Post-Trip Purge Fans Trip Runback: Graded Mill Tripping Runback: Graded Mill Tripping
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SEC. AIR DAMPER AUX. PRDS CONTROL CONTROL SOOT BLOWER CONTROL HP-BYPASS CONTROL
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BACK
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Some Definitions
Boiler Control System: Deals with Regulating Control Burner Management System (BMS): Deals with Furnace Safety and Start/Stop of Fuel Preparation and Burning Equipment BMS Logic:
Deals with Control System which would give output based on external inputs and internal logic
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Function of BMS
TO PROVIDE SAFETY TO BOILER.
TO PROVIDE ORDERLY SEQUENCE IN THE S/U & S/D OF FUEL FIRING EQUIPMENTS. PREVENT S/U OF FUEL FIRING EQUIPMENTS UNLESS CERTAIN PERMISSIVE INTERLOCKS HAVE BEEN SATISFIED. CONTINUOUS FLAME MONITORING. FAULT DETECTION AND ASSOCIATE S/D. INITIATE MFT UNDER CERTAIN CONDITION OF LOAD COMBINATION.
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The Burner Management system monitors the presence or absence of the forced draft fan running and verifies air flow is being produced, ensures the water level in the boiler drum is satisfactory, and verifies that there is at least one flame in the furnace. The Burner Management alarm system provides for a first out cause of trip allowing operators to readily identify the reason for an unexpected boiler trip condition. The Burner Management System controls the air registers, igniters and fuel oil valves for each burner, as well as monitoring of the flame signals for each burner in service.
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If the flame quality degrades to 60% of maximum signal strength a poor flame alarm is issued to the alarm system. When a flame quality signal is below 40% for 4 seconds the burner will trip. The Burner Management System lights off the initial burner and cuts out burners automatically based on an operator selected sequence. It determines when burners need to be cutout based on the steam pressure signal from the ACC (Automatic Combustion Control) system. It also provides an interface to the ACC system to tell it when there is a state of change that can affect how the ACC will respond or perform.
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Function of BMS
Controls boiler purge, fuel headers, and burner field devices, allowing sequential control of the start-up and shutdown of any burners. Continuous monitoring of supervisory interlocks, fuel valve positions, flame status and field devices. The control strategy normally utilize de energize to trip method. Smart alarms provide fail to open, fail to start, fail to close, and fail to stop information. Flame monitoring equipment provides the logic controller with flame status of burners and/or igniters. Prevent firing unless a satisfactory furnace purge has first been completed.
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Prohibit start-up of the equipment unless certain permissive interlocks have first been completed. Monitor and control the correct component sequencing during startup and shut-down of the equipment. Conditionally allow the continued operation of the equipment only while certain safety interlocks remaining satisfied. Provide automatic supervision when the equipment is in service and provide means to make a Master Fuel Trip (MFT) should certain unacceptable firing conditions occur.
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B M S
DAS
AIR DAMPERAIR DAMPER ARE DIVIDED AS FOLLOWS1-FIVE ELEVATION OF FOUR SECONDARY AIR. 2- 4 ELEVATION OF 4 AIR TO OIL/S.A.D 3-8 ELEVATION OF 4 AIR TO P.F. BURNER. 4-TWO ELEVATION OF FOUR OVERFIRE AIR.
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13---------------------------SECONDARY AIR 12---------------------------COAL--------------------------- -F 11---------------------------OIL AND S/A 10 --------------------------COAL-----------------------------E 9 --------------------------SECONDARY AIR 8---------------------------COAL------------------------------D 7-------------------------- OIL AND S/A 6---------------------------COAL------------------------------C 5---------------------------SECONDARY AIR 4---------------------------COAL------------------------------B 3---------------------------OIL AND S/A 2---------------------------COAL------------------------------A 1-------------------------- SECONDARY AIR
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STANDARDS AND CODES Prescriptive standards such as NFPA have done well at identifying what interlocks should be implemented based upon lessons learned from previous incidents and near misses. In todays microprocessor-based world, it is more important to know how to properly implement the prescriptive based interlocks. The logic solver was comprised of relays with simple and well-defined failure modes, it was very easy to understand what level of risk reduction the BMS provided.
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NFPA Burner Management Systems (BMS) associated with fired devices in the power boilers are defined as Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS) if they contain sensors, a logic solver and a final control element according to NFPA. By actively embracing the concept that a BMS may in fact be a SIS, companies can ensure that these systems are designed, maintained, inspected and tested per both the applicable prescriptive standards (API, NFPA, etc.). A BMS can be designed that meets all requirements of the prescriptive standards such as NFPA.
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Standard Followed
National Fire Protection Authority (NFPA) of USA Code 85 of 2001
This code is an amalgamation of earlier codes 8501 to 8506 applicable for various types of boilers and combustion
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IBR Requirements
Fuel supply should be shut off when: Flame failure occurs Failure to ignite fuel within a pre-determined time Abnormal drum level Trip of Draft fans Increase in Boiler Pressure
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