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Fuel Cell in Space Applications
Fuel Cell in Space Applications
A fuel cell is a device that generates electricity by a chemical reaction. Anode : 2H 2 + 4eCathode : O2 + 4H+ + 4eOverall equation : 2H2 + O2 Energy
Alkali fuel cells Molten Carbonate fuel cells Phosphoric Acid fuel cells (PAFC) Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Solid Oxide fuel cells (SOFC)
Proton Exchange Membrane in URFC Energy storage system. Potential ability to store large amounts of energy
URFC Fuel Cell + Electrolyser
Energy Density
Energy delivered per unit mass of storage system The Energy density is given by Ed = (Output energy/Reactant weight) Vd Id n td = = Output Energy = n Vd Id td Discharge cell voltage, volts Average discharge current, amps
= Number of cells in the URFC stack = Discharge time, hours Reactant weight
Mw =
Where, R = gmole-k) T = MOPw = f(Vd) = Kw = Merit) Ka = weight=(As/w) Where , Ideal Gas Constant = (84.78 Kg-cm3)/(cm2Temperature in Kelvin Maximum operating gas pressure (Kg/cm^2) Id (Discharge current density in A/cm^2) 0.336*106 (cm) (Water-Tank-Figure-ofThe ratio of the total cell area to stack As = Total cell area W = Stack weight
URFCS EFFICIENCY
It is defined as the ratio between output energy to the input energy with regard to charging &discharging of the system
Packaging Of URFCS
Summary Of URFCS
URFCS capable of delivering 3500 watts during a 12 hour discharge period. The overall energy density is 791 w-hr/kg. Lightweight energy storage system.
URFCS Stack Electrical Performance URFCS Reactant Mass/Pressure Water Vapor Management
Conclusion
Energy densities as high as 800 w-h/kg are possible for URFCS based energy storage systems The longer the discharge times for the URFCS the greater the energy density possible. Over 90% of the volume could be saved from the energy storage system described in this paper.
Bibliography
Journal of Power Source Fred Mitlitsky, Blake Myers, and Andrew H. Weisberg, Regenerative Fuel Cell Systems, Energy & Fuels F. Mitlitsky, N. J. Colella, B. Myers, C. J. Anderson, Regenerative Fuel Cells for High Altitude Long Endurance Solar Powered Vehicles,