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Research Topics: Natural Language Processing Image Processing
Research Topics: Natural Language Processing Image Processing
What is NLP?
Natural Language Processing (NLP)
Computers use (analyze, understand, generate) natural language A somewhat applied field
Language is the medium of the web Interdisciplinary: Ling, CS, psych, math Help in communication
With computers (ASR, TTS) With other humans (MT)
Goals of NLP
Scientific Goal
Identify the computational machinery needed for an agent to exhibit various forms of linguistic behavior
Engineering Goal
Design, implement, and test systems that process natural languages for practical applications
Applications
speech processing: get flight information or book a hotel over the phone information extraction: discover names of people and events they participate in, from a document machine translation: translate a document from one human language into another question answering: find answers to natural language questions in a text collection or database summarization: generate a short biography of Noam Chomsky from one or more news articles
General Themes
Ambiguity of Language Language as a formal system Computation with human language Rule-based vs. Statistical Methods The need for efficiency
Topic Ideas
1.Text to Speech artificial voices 2.Speech Recognition - understanding 3.Textual Analysis readability 4.Plagiarism Detection candidate selection 5.Intelligent Agents machine interaction
Output results Research question: How can a human voice be used to produce an artificial voice? Model Talker - opportunities for active, hands-on research (http://www.modeltalker.com)
Speech Recognition
Spoken Input Identify words and phonemes in speech
Generate text for recognized word parts Concatenate text elements Perform spelling, grammar and context checking
Output results Research question: How can speech recognition assist a deaf student taking notes in class? VUST Villanova University Speech Transcriber
(http://www.csc.villanova.edu/~tway/publications/wayAT08.pdf)
Output results Research question: How can computer analyze text and measure readability? Opportunities for hands-on research
Plagiarism Detection
Text Input Analyze text & locate candidates
Find one or more passages that might be plagiarized Algorithm tries to do what a teacher does Search on Internet for candidate matches
Output results Research question: What algorithms work like humans when finding plagiarism? Experimental CS research
Intelligent Agents
Example: ELIZA AIML: Artificial Intelligence Modeling Lang. Human types something Computer parses, understands, and generates response Response is viewed by human Research question: How can computers understand and generate human writing? Also good area for experimentation
Image Processing
CSC 3990
Historical Background
Newspaper industry used Bartlane cable picture transmission system to send pictures by submarine cable between London and New York in 1920s
The number of distinct gray levels coded by Bartlane system was improved from 5 to 15 by the end of 1920s
DIP requires a digital computer and other supporting technologies (e.g., data storage, display and transmission)
Cool Applications
The first picture of moon by US spacecraft Ranger 7 on July 31, 1964 at 9:09AM EDT Digitization Compression Error Recovery
Sir Godfrey N. Housefield and Prof. Allan M. Cormack shared 1979 Nobel Prize in Medicine for the invention of CT Enhancement Edges, Contrast, Brightness, etc.
Past 20 Years
Acquisition
Digital cameras, scanners MRI and Ultrasound imaging Infrared and microwave imaging
Transmission
Internet, wireless communication
Display
Printers, LCD monitor, digital TV
Photography
Motion Pictures
Remote Sensing
Thermal Images
Operate in infrared frequency
Medical Diagnostics
Operate in X-ray frequency
chest
head
General Themes
Human vision is limited Digital images contain more information that humans perceive Computers can use algorithms to extract more information from digital images Computers can acquire, manipulate, compress, transmit and modify images
Topic Ideas
1. Biometrics identifying faces & retinas 2. Target Acquisition see a tank from space 3. Computer Vision detect microscopic flaws in manufacturing 4. Assistive Technology convert visual images into tactile or textual form 5. Entertainment remove red eye, morph faces, digital filmmaking, movie magic 6. Image Description use 3D dictionary to describe contents of 2D image