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Chapter 11 Review
Chapter 11 Review
Chapter 11 Review
KNOW THESE
RATIO REVIEW
Genotypic Ratio
1:1 or 1/1 Aa 1:2:1 AA/Aa/aa 1:1 Aa/aa
KNOW THESE
Cross
AA x aa Aa x Aa Aa x aa
Phenotypic Ratio
All dominant trait 3:1 1:1
Chinchilla cchcch
Albino cc
Inheritance
Incomplete Dominance:
When two dominant alleles together only half code. (blending of characteristics) Example: some flowers
Co-dominance:
where both dominant alleles code completely. Examples:
A,B,O blood types, Roan Cattle
Incomplete Dominance
Cross a dark Purple flower with a white flower What is the phenotypic and genotypic ratio?
Incomplete Dominance
Cross two light purple flowers. What is the phenotypic and genotypic ratio?
Codominance
In some cats the gene for tail The Saskatchewan grasshopper is length shows incomplete is black with green and yellowlong tails and dominance. Cats with stripes. Assume that greenare homozygous cats with no tails stripes for from the GG are expressed their respective alleles. Cats phenotype,with one long tail from the one no yellow stripes allele and tail allele have short tails. YY genotype, and both from the For each of the following construct a punnett heterozygous genotype. What will and square and give phenotypic be the phenotypic ratio of the offspring. genotype ratios of the F1 generation a) a long tail cat and a cat with no resulting from a cross tail of two grasshoppers, both with b) a long tail cat green and yellow stripes?and a short tail cat c) a short tail cat and a cat with no tail d) two short tail cats.
Blood types
Describe ABO blood groups as an example of codominance and multiple alleles.
Blood type
If you have type A+ blood, you could be: IA IA RR (OR) IA i Rr
Identify genotype of the mother is Ia i OR IaIa Identify genotype of the child is Ib i . (received i from mom) What blood type(s) could the father be?
"Could a man with type B blood and a woman with type AB produce a child with type O blood?"
A. Possible
B. Not possible
I am trying to figure out what blood type the father of my son could have since my son and I are both type A. Also, my brother is type 0 and my mom is A.
Answer.
Note from the table that this mother could have created a child with type A blood with a father of any of the four possible blood types, type A, type AB,
My daughter is type A, my grandson is type B, we do not know the father of the child there are two gentlemen in question...my question is what are the types that the fathers would have to be in order for him to be a B?
A. B or O
B. A, B, AB or O
C. AB or B
D. A or B
E. A, B, or AB
Answer
The child must be genotype BO. The mother is the source of the Oallele and the biological father is the source of the Ballele.
Epistasis
One allele controls the expression of one or more other alleles.
Chocolate lab bb
Black Lab BB or Bb
oat colour in labs is controlled by an epistatic gene in a ecessive form. The yellow lab will have the genotypes of BB b or bb but the epistatic gene will override.
Chocolate lab bb
Black Lab BB or Bb
Yellow Lab
Black Lab
Chocolate Lab
Define sex linkage. - Sex linkage: genes carried on the sex chromosomes, most often on the X chromosome.
Males must inherit the X chromosome with the genetic disease from their mother!
(always the case with X-linked recessive diseases)
Outline how the sex chromosomes determine gender by referring to the inheritance of X and Y chromosomes in humans.
Male: Female
= XX = Female =
X
X
XX
XX
XY
XY = XY = Male =
Colourblindness
People with normal vision see all the different colors and subtle mixtures of them by using cones sensitive to one of three wavelength of light red, green, and blue There are several different kinds and degrees of color vision deficiencies
Colourblindness
5%-8% of men and 0.5% of women are colorblind. Everyone is colorblind at birth Emerson Moser, who was Crayola's senior crayon maker revealed upon his retirement that he was blue-green colourblind and could not see all the colours!
Which sex is more likely have a recessive, sexlinked trait? Male Female 2. Which parent do sons inherit recessive, sexlinked traits from? Mother Father 3. Which type of sex chromosome do you find most sex-linked traits on? X Y
A colourblind man has a child with a woman who is a carrier of the disorder. a. What is the genotype of the man? ______ b. What is the genotype of the woman? ______ c. Fill in the Punnett Square to the right.
In fruit flies, red eyes are dominant over white eyes. Eye color is a sex-linked trait. A red-eyed male mates with a white-eyed female.
b. What is the genotype of the male? ________ c. What is the genotype of the female? ________ d. Fill in the Punnett Square to the right. e. What is the chance that there will be an offspring with white eyes?
_______
Hemophilia
Neither parent shows hemophilia, but of male children will express the hemophilia disease.
Hemophilia
inability of the blood to clot mutation in the blood clotting gene Babies born with hemophilia are missing or have a low level of a protein needed for normal blood clotting or blood coagulation 1/4000 males.
Barr Bodies
If a cell has 2 X chromosomes, it will wrap one of them up into a Barr body because the cell can only use one at a time. The Xs get wrapped up randomly, so that both copies have the same chance of being expressed or used.
2 Xs!
Sometimes one X codes, and sometimes the other one codes Cat fur color is found on the X chromosome. Female cats with an orange fur gene and a black fur gene will look calico.
Only males have Y chromosomes Passed from father to sons All Y-linked traits are expressed
Polygenic
Many genes code for one phenotypic trait.
Hair colour and skin colour are polygenic
The hair colour gene, like skin color, is polygenic. Chromosomes 3, 6, 10 and 18 code for Melanin. The greater the number of dominant alleles, the darker the hair. Pheomelanins are red hair pigments.
Hair color is the result of many chromosomes coding for redness and darkness.
GG = Heavy Red Pigment Gg = Medium Red Pigment rr = No Red Pigment