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Karsinogen Dan Karsinogenesis
Karsinogen Dan Karsinogenesis
Dr Aswiyanti Asri,M.Si.Med,SpPA
85
15
Agen
(lingkungan) penyebab kanker 3 kelompok utama : Kimiawi Fisika (radiasi) Biologi (terutama virus)
Creosote
DDT Polycyclic
Coal
tar
Adriamycin
Diethylstilbestr
Direct-acting
: electrophilic Nitrogen mustard Nitrosomethylurea Benzyl chloride Indirect-acting (dimetabolisme menjadi bentuk aktif : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) Terbentuk dari pembakaran tidak sempurna material organik Cerobong asap, makanan yang dibakar, rokok.
Electrophilic
Ultraviolet
Direct effect on DNA Activation of cellular oncogenes UV light is believed to induce cross-linkages between DNA molecules and Cancer occurs when repair mechanisms are not efficient
dari 7 kanker disebabkan virus, t.u virus DNA Human papillomaviruses - HPV Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Human herpes virus 8 (HHV8) Hepatitis B virus - HBV Hepatitis C virus - HCV HTLV-I, HTLV-II
Very
small viruses Can integrate their viral DNA into host genome They code for viral proteins which block tumor suppressor proteins in cells
Gastric
infection linked to gastric lymphomas and adenocarcinomas Detection of H pylori in majority of cases of gastric lymphomas Antibiotic treatment results in gastric lymphoma regression in most cases
Inisiasi
Promosi
Progresi
What is epigenetic ?
Epigenetic refers to all heritable changes in gene expression and chromatin organization that occur without alteration in DNA sequence. Epigenetic changes do not depend on DNA sequence changes. They do depend on modification of the DNA, but on modifications that leave the basic sequences of A, G, C and T nucleotides unchanged.. Level transkripsi, translasi dan posttranslasi
Epigenetics Mechanisms
RNA Interference
Gene Expression
Histone Modifications
DNA Methylation
Epigenetics stands at the center of modern medicine because epigenetic changes, unlike DNA sequence which is the same in every cell, can occur as a result of dietary and other environmental exposure
Histone Modifications
http://porpax.bio.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/gene/c7.19.4.histone.mod.jpg