The Secrets of GSM Algorithms

Power Control Algorithm

Suitable for staff with P&O skill certificate IV or lower Issued by GSM Network P&O Dept.

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Version Introduction

Versio n
V1.0

Date
2009-05-05

Writer
Chang Hai Jie

Assessor
Zheng Hao

Translator
Feng Xiao Ying

Amendment records
First edition

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Brief Introduction

I.
II. III. IV.

Rudiments of Power Control ZTE Power Control Algorithms Setting of Power Control Parameters Application of Power Control

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I. Rudiments of Power Control

1. What is power control? Why we carry out power control?

2. Classification of power control

3. Difference among various kinds of power control 4. Whats the main object of power control? 5. How to conduct power control?

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1. What is power control? Why we carry out power control?

What is power control? Why should we carry out power control?

Definition: Power control is to adjust the transmitting power of BTS and MS according to real needs. Base: result of UL/DL measurement Goal: to lower transmitting power, reduce interference in the whole network and power consumption, on condition that speech quality is ensured. Back

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2. Classification of power control

Ordinary power control

Rapid power control

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3. Difference among various kinds of power control

Static power control Impose restrictions on the max transmitting power of MS or BTS at OMCR

Dynamic power control

Ordinary power control Rapid power control CS power control

Under the non-idle mode, the network flexibly decides the transmitting power of MS or BTS in a dynamic manner according to radio environment.

Adopt fixed step to adjust power.

Adopt non-fixed step to adjust power, i.e. to settle power adjustment at one go.

Power control in CS service.

PS power control

Power control in PS service.

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4.Whats the main body of power control?

The main object of power control: TS and MS

Power control is directed at single subscribers, so the main object of UL power control is single MS; for DL, its some timeslot (ST) in the BTS used by the MS, Note its not the whole carrier.

Its stipulated in the protocol that the transmission must be performed at full power on the carrier of BCCH, so only UL dynamic power control (not DL dynamic power control) can be carried out on the carrier of BCCH. Back

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5.How to conduct power control?

Collection of MS/BTS measurement reports Weighted average of MRs
If the average satisfies conditions of No power control decision? Yes

Save the average

Condition for power increase is satisfied

Condition for power maintenance is satisfied

Condition for power decrease is satisfied

Increase MS/BTS transmitting power

Maintain MS/BTS transmitting power

Decrease MS/BTS transmitting power

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II. ZTE Power Control Algorithms

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. What power control algorithms are supported in ZTE systems? What features do ZTE power control algorithms have? What is sliding-window averaging? What is Rapid averaging? How is the initial state of ZTE power control algorithms defined? How is the stable state of ZTE power control algorithms defined ? Whats the relation between the initial state and stable state of ZTE power control algorithms? In which network element is ZTE power control realized? How is measurement reports processed in ZTE power control algorithms? How to judge conditions for power increase/decrease in ZTE power control algorithms? How to decide power increase/decrease value in ZTE power control algorithms (I)? How to decide power increase/decrease value in ZTE power control algorithms (II)? How to decide power increase/decrease value in ZTE power control algorithms (III)? How to decide power increase/decrease value in ZTE power control algorithms (IV)? Why bySub is introduced for the initial state of ZTE power control algorithms? How is power control result measured in ZTE systems?

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1. What power control algorithms are supported in ZTE systems?

UL and DL Rapid power control are not discriminated in version 6.20 and previous ones.

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2. What features do ZTE power control algorithms have?

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3. What is sliding-window averaging?

Definition: during averaging of measurement reports, when number of MR

reaches the window size (suppose its 4), calculate the first 4 MRs and get the first average value; then calculate MR no.2 -5 and get the second average value; and so on. Advantage: it can effectively disperse the influence of signal fluctuation.

Disadvantage: it takes quite a bit of time to get the first average.

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4. What is Rapid averaging?

Definition: during averaging of measurement reports, which is not restricted by average window, the first average value is obtained when the first MR is submitted; and the second average value is obtained by calculating the first and second MRs; when number of MRs reaches the window size, rapid averaging is converted to sliding-window averaging. Advantage: it reduces the time for triggering the first power control. Disadvantage: its reliability is a bit low, as there are fewer samples of MRs participating in the decision.

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5. How is the initial state of ZTE power control algorithms defined?

When MS initially accesses into channel (SDCCH or TCH), the power control status it enters is referred as initial state.
Features of this state:

There is a big difference between the max transmitting power MS initially uses
and that actually needed.

It produces heavy influence on MS using other channels. There is dramatic adjustment on MS and BTS power ranks, so there will be big
changes on MS and BTS power.

Usually it needs several consecutive times of rapid power adjustment.

Features of power control algorithm at this state:

Perform power control decision to each MR, adjust MS and BTS power rank and make it reach the demanded level and quality in the shortest time.

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6. How is the stable state of ZTE power control algorithms defined?

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After experiencing the dramatic adjustment of power, MS reaches the requested UL level and quality and enters a relatively stable situation, which is called stable state.

Conditions for MS entering stable state from initial state (either 1 or 2 is acceptable):

Condition 1: in most cases, MS power takes downward modulation in initial state; if

it stops downward modulation for N1 times, its supposed to have entered stable state.

Condition 2: when the number of measurement reports received reaches N2, MS

directly enters stable state.
Explanations on N1/N2 value: Principle:N1<N2 Recommended value: N1-4, N2-11 N1 and N2 not only can be set some fixed value according to test result, but also can be configured at OMCR; in order to maintain the compatibility of OMCR, currently N1 and N2 are set the default value, and they can be adjusted through hyper-terminal.

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7. Whats the relation between the initial state and stable state of ZTE power control algorithms?

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When MS enters initial state of power control, it quickly adjusts its power up to demand;

Channel power control enters initial state

Number of MRs received reaches N2

When MS power stops downward modulation for N1 times, or when number of received MRs reaches N2, MS

Initial state

MS power stops downward modulation for N1 times

enters stable state;

Initial state and stable state adopt different power control strategies.
Channel release

Stable state

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8. In which network element is ZTE power control realized?

In ZTE system, power control is realized in BTS, which masters UL/DL dynamic power control and reports the results to BSC at certain intervals, so that BSC can collect related performance statistics. Refer to the following figure for the logical location of power control elements.

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9. How is measurement reports processed in ZTE power control algorithms?

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10. How to judge conditions for power increase/decrease in ZTE power control algorithms?
LEVELCAUSE = 2
High level threshold Power stays unchanged

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LEVELCAUSE = 0
Low level threshold

Rxlevel=0--63

Increase power Decrease power Level HO threshold Quality HO threshold

LEVELCAUSE = 1
LEVEL CAUSE 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 QUAL CAUSE 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 RESULT POWER_STAY DECREASE_BYQUALITY INCREASE_BYQUALITY INCREASE_BYLEVEL INCREASE_BYLEVEL INCREASE_ BYQUALITY DECREASE_BYLEVEL DECREASE_BYLEVEL INCREASE_BYQUALITY

RQ=0--7

Upper limit of RxQual

Lower limit of RxQual

QUALCAUSE = 1 QUALCAUSE = 0 QUALCAUSE = 2

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11. How to decide power increase/decrease value in ZTE power control algorithms (I)?

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12. How to decide power increase/decrease value of in ZTE power control algorithms (II)?

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Power control in initial state: With the aim to carry out power control effectively, whether power is to increase or decrease, the step shall be the one set for power decrease, which shall be fixed.

1MS power increase:

a)

UL signal is bad, and no MS MR is received. If the difference between the MS power value (computed through the current power control) and the last valid MS power value exceeds 8dbm, then the current power control decision is valid, and MS power increase shall be continued; UL signal is good, MS MR is received by BTS; DL signal is bad, the power control value hasnt effectively controlled MS power, and the difference (bySub) exceeds 8dbm, then power control shall not be imposed on MS any more; Regardless whether BTS has received MS UL MR or not, once the difference is less than 8dbm, power control shall not be imposed on MS;

b)

2MS power decrease:

3As in BTS power measurement, the power adjustment benchmark value shall be the power rank value of current BTS transmitting signal, and the calculation method is the same as that of power control in stable state.

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13. How to decide power increase/decrease value in ZTE power control algorithms (III)?

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Rapid power control: power increase/decrease in rapid power control shall be carried out according to the following criteria. For level-related power increase/decrease control, specific conditions are needed in decision; if the conditions are not satisfied, use the ordinary power control method.

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14. How to decide power increase/decrease value in ZTE power control algorithms (IV)?

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Graph of UL ordinary power control:

Graph of UL ordinary power control with rapid averaging adopted: Graph of UL rapid power control:

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15. Why bySub is introduced for the initial state of ZTE power control algorithms?

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After sending new power rank to MS, it takes an interval of at least three MRs for BTS to receive MS power rank report, which makes it unable to meet the requirement for each MR to adjust the last sent power control value( byMSpowerSet) by 2dB in the initial state of power control.

A variable bySub is introduced, which represents the difference between the power control value to be sent and the currently received power value, whose limit is 8dbm.

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16. How is power control result measured in ZTE systems?

BTS reports power control results to BSC for performance statistics. Reporting period is controlled by PwrCtrlReportPrd (SACCH multi-frame) .

ZTE power control statistics are in collected in BTS measurement tasks, including cause and times of power control. For details, please refer to the fascicule of performance counters in attached manuals.

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III

Setting of Power Control Parameters

1. What are the general cares of setting power
control parameters? 2. Recommended values of power control parameters 3. What factors influence the speed of dynamic power control?

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1. What are the general cares of setting power control parameters?

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2. Recommended values of power control parameters

The recommended values are for reference, please make appropriate adjustment according to actual network situations.
Parameter Recommended value 6.20.101e &subsequent 6.20.101e&subsequent versions versions 4 4 3 2 2/3 2/3 1 0 2/3 2/3 default 2/3 4db 2db Enabled Enabled 108642222 1 18900M141800M) 15(900M)141800M default 2/3 4db 2db Disabled Disabled default 0 18900M141800M) 15(900M)141800M

Average window size UL/DL RQ increase threshold UL/DL RQ increase P/N value UL/DL RQ decrease threshold UL/DL RQ decrease P/N value UL/DL level increase / decrease threshold UL/DL level increase / decrease P/Nvalue Increase step Decrease step Rapid averaging Rapid power control Power decrease limit Power control min interval MS min power rank BS min power rank

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3. What factors influence the speed of dynamic power control?

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IV

Application of Power Control

1. In which circumstances can power control be
applied? 2. Which KPIs will be influenced by power control? 3. In which aspects will power control influence subscribers satisfaction?

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1. In which circumstances can power control be applied?

Normally UL ordinary power control is enabled, other power control types are mainly applied in areas with dense sites, which can help reduce interference. The following table is for reference.

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2. Which KPIs will be influenced by power control?

Power control influences transmitting power, which may impose some negative effects on the level of coverage, and result in dramatic decrease in the proportion of level above -75dbm.

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3. In which aspects will power control influence subscribers satisfaction?

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