PERFORMANCE ANALYSYS FOR COVERAGE EXTENSION AND THROUHPUT ENHANCEMENT USING MOBILE RELAY IN WIRELESS NETWORK BY:PRAVIN ADIVAREKAR

GUIDED BY:DR. LATHA RAGHA PROF. R.V.SHAHABADE

INTRODUCTION
Path loss is signal attenuation due to the natural diffusion of the signal wave front, absorption, and diffraction. Signal attenuation is proportional to at least the square of the distance between the transmitter and the receiver. Remote receivers can experience severe signal attenuation, resulting in low throughput or poor reliability, or possibly both. In the existing work the relays are fixed in that their locations are either predetermined or optimized in the design phase. This project considers mobile relays that are not part of the fixed wireless infrastructure. Examples include relay stations that are mounted on mobile units, vehicular designed to provide relay services. A distinguishing feature of mobile relays is that their location is not deterministic. Rather, mobile relays are distributed in a stochastic manner, and their locations change with time. Thus, for a given end user, there is a probability that a randomly placed mobile relay is in a position where it can effectively aid communication between the mobile and the base.

The concept of relay

Base Station

Relay Station

Backhaul/ Wired network

RS will typically cover a region up to 300 miles in diameter and transmit at lower power level than BS Relays do not have wired connection to backhaul For two hop relaying, transmission occurs in two phases Cooperative diversity is additional advantage of relaying.

Why use a relay?

Transmission at higher frequencies is more vulnerable to non LOS conditions. The transmission power required for high data rates at large distances is very high. A relay acts as a helper node to increase coverage and throughput Relay is connected to the base station through wireless channel. Relays are much closer to the mobile stations than the base station, hence high data rates are possible.

We will consider the effectiveness of employing mobile relays under two scenarios:
1.There is no one-hop connection from the base station to an out-of-coverage end user. Mobile relaying is used to establish connectivity. The random placement and movement of relays mean that both the connectivity and the connection sustaining time are random variables, and these quantities will be analyzed statistically. 2.For an end user within the base station coverage area, mobile relaying may provide alternative (multi-hop) routing with better end-to-end spectral efficiency (throughput). In this case, the system would choose two-hop relaying when it offers better spectral efficiency and direct transmission when a suitable relay cannot be found. The throughput gain made possible by mobile relaying is a random variable that can be analyzed.

Problem Description: >Path Loss: It is a type of signal attenuation which occurs due to natural diffusion of the signal wave front, absorption, and diffraction. >Due to path-loss, remote receivers can experience severe signal attenuation, resulting in low throughput or poor reliability, or possibly both. >Relaying when applied cautiously can break one severely attenuated signal propagation path into several shorter and thus less attenuated paths

Aim of Project

The main aim of the project work is to introduce quantitative study of the benefits that mobile relays can provide to the wireless infrastructure namely, extension of base station coverage and enhancement of wireless connection throughput.

PROPOSED SYSTEM
The position of a mobile relay is given by the polar coordinates.(r,)

In our analysis, we will seek answers to these questions: 1) What is the probability that there is at least one feasible relay for a given out-ofcoverage end user? 2) How long (on average) will a mobile relay remain feasible? A new route must be established when the current mobile relay is no longer feasible due to its movement. Thus, the route sustaining time reflects the re-routing burden that must be borne; the shorter the route sustaining time, the more often a new feasible relay must be identified. 3) Assuming re-routing, by making use of relay handover, is allowed, how long will a connection last? Given the current number of feasible mobile relays for a given end user, it is useful to consider the (average) length of time until there are no feasible relays. We call this quantity the connection sustaining time, and it provides insight into how long a session can be maintained through rerouting.

SYSTEM MODEL

The coverage area of the base station, without relaying, is normalized to a circle of unit radius, with the base station at the origin. The end user is fixed and its location is given by coordinates (, 0). Since the base station coverage has been normalized, > 1 corresponds to out-of-coverage users, while 1 implies the end user is within the coverage area. The position of a mobile relay is given by the polar coordinates (, ). The locations of all the relays will be modeled by a homogeneous Poisson point process (PPP) with intensity over the two-dimensional plane. That is, the number of relays in a region of area follows a Poisson distribution with mean ,

ANALYSIS OF MOBILE RELAYING FOR COVERAGE EXTENSION

1) Outage Probability:
2) Route Sustaining Time: 3) Connection Sustaining Time: 4) Connection Duration Outage Probability:

The locations of all the relays will be modeled by a homogeneous Poisson point process (PPP) with intensity over the two-dimensional plane. An // queuing model is used to capture relay mobility. The motion of each relay is independent of the motion of all other relays. The speed can be chosen from either a uniform distribution or a truncated Gaussian distribution. Without loss of generality, downlink transmission is considered. The base station is capable of generating a received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at unit distance, i.e., at the boundary of its coverage area. Also, since mobile relays are not capable of transmitting and receiving at the same time, half-duplex transmission is assumed, and a time-division decode-and-forward relay strategy is adopted. The channels are modeled as additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels with path loss attenuation. The performance analysis of the proposed system is done by evaluating mobile relaying for coverage extension and throughput enhancement

Cooperative relaying schemes can be classified into different categories:

1. Transmit diversity 2. Receive Diversity 3. Amplify and forward 4. Decode and forward

SYSTEM MODEL:

One cell with a single base station Four equally spaced RS at a distance of 10km from the BS BS transmit power = 27.3 dB RS transmit power= 20.3 dB BS to RS distance = 10km Power of additive noise = -130 dB Path loss exponent = 3.5

Coverage and Throughput Improvement with Relays

SYSTEM MODEL: BS transmit power = 27.3 dB RS transmit power= 20.3 dB BS to RS distance = 10km Power of additive noise = -130 dB Path loss exponent = 3.5 Then the SNR at the mobile station is given by: SNR (dB)= Pt(dB)-Pn(dB)-35log(r) Where r is its distance of MS from BS Adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) is employed which means that the transmitter chooses a suitable modulation scheme and coding rate based upon the instantaneous value of SNR.

1. No Relay: This is a direct BS to MS communication assuming that no relay exists in the cell. As expected the throughput decreases as we move away from the base station. The simulation results are shown below.

2. Simple relaying without cooperative diversity:

3. Multihop relaying:

Conclusion:
By mobile relays we have existing quantitative studies of the benefits offered - specifically, potential coverage part extension and throughput improvement. For an out of- coverage end user, association achievement probabilities and routing/connection sustaining times were derived, and we conclude for the cases considered that mobile relays offer substantial coverage extension benefits.

Future Work: In the extension of the proposed work, it can be focus on the handoff problem and propose a new handoff decision algorithm based on the relative velocities of user equipment (UE) to the serving access point (AP) and the target AP. It can be shown that the proposed handoff algorithm can significantly improve the handoff successful rate when the mobile relay station changes its moving patterns.

References
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