Project by: Parampreet Chadha Avdhut Khetale Dilpreet Bhurji Jaymala Patil

Renewable Energy
Alternate sources of energy 1. Biomass. 2. Solar Energy. 3. Wind Energy. 4. Geothermal Energy. 5. Microhydel. 6. Fuel cells.

Why Solar Energy.

Solar energy is the most readily available source of

energy. It is free. It is also the most important of the non-conventional sources of energy because it is non-polluting.

Facts about solar energy.

Earth surface receives 1.2x1017 W of power from sun.
Energy supplied by the sun in one hour is almost equal

to the amount energy required by the human population in one year. Most if the other source on renewable energy have their in sun.

How electricity is generated through Solar Energy

Solar photo voltaic (SPV). Can be used to generate

electricity form the sun. Silicon solar cells play an important role in generation of electricity.

PROJECT IDEA

 This project deals with solar panel tracking system.

Solar tracking enables more energy to be generated because the solar panel is always able to maintain a perpendicular profile to the suns rays. As the sun moves across the sky during the day, it is advantageous to have the solar panels track the location of the sun, such that the panels are always perpendicular to the solar energy radiated by the sun. This will tend to maximize the amount of power absorbed by PV systems. It has been estimated that the use of a tracking system, over a fixed system, can increase the power output by 30% - 60%.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Circuit description
The circuit of the solar tracking system is as

shown above. It basically does switching depending upon the signal so it uses a lot more relays. The change in the resistance of photo sensors is converted into voltage in the first step. This voltage is given to the op-amp. Op-amp is kept open loop which modifies the signal and gives it relay. Relay do switching depending upon the input and it drives motor in appropriate direction i.e. clockwise or anticlockwise. This circuit is same for x and y both the axis

ALGORITHM

WORKING OF THE ASSEMBLY

FEATURES OF THE TRACKING SYSTEM

Dual-Axis Automatic Tracking
Dead Band Existence ON/OFF Timer

 The solar track somewhat as captured in the picture (the

pictures does not have solar king system turns out to loop panel mounted on it). Rotation of the two axes is independent on each other. But they are dependent on the photo sensors signal given to them. So to make dual axis solar tracking system we need to achieve rotation of the solar panel in two directions viz. circular and in east to west direction. To cover circular motion we have rotated the entire assembly in circular direction with the help of the wheels attached below. And to cover east to west direction we have used pulley and belt arrangement. Here the smaller pulley is driven by the motor depending upon the respective photo sensors effect. This smaller pulley again drives the bigger pulley with the help of a tightly placed belt over the two pulleys. This enables the motion in the east to west direction