Introduction: Blood Banking

Janine Anne A. Mateo 2FMT

Introduction: Blood Banking

Janine Anne A. Mateo 2FMT

Blood Banking
Blood - carries oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the body, and carries carbon dioxide and other waste products back to the lungs, kidneys and liver for disposal. It fights against infection and helps heal wounds, so we can stay healthy.
Blood Bank division of clinical laboratory where blood components are stored and preserved for later use in blood transfusion.

Brief History
Bloodletting Bloodletting was based on an ancient system of medicine in which blood and other bodily fluid were considered to be "humors," the proper balance of which maintained health.

Brief History
2500 BC: Egyptians Use Bleeding - Barber/surgeon cut hair, dental work, enemas, or wound surgery

Brief History
1492: First Historical Transfusion Attempt The blood of three 10-year old boys was infused by mouth into Pope Innocent VIII as he sank into a coma. The Pope and the boys died.

World War IIAdvent of blood banking

Brief History
1900 Karl Landsteiner (ABO group) 1937: Dr. Bernard Fantus - "Blood Bank"

Brief History
1940 - Karl Landsteiner and Alexander Wiener (Rh group)

Main Functions
1.Blood Collection 2.Blood Testing 3.Blood Typing 4.Blood Storage 5.Blood Transfusion

Blood Collection
- Normally from blood donation: a) Autologous donation safest - donates his/her blood for own use b) Directed donation - made for a specific patient by a friend or family member with a doctor's prescription. c) Apheresis donation - blood of a donor or patient is passed through an apparatus that separates out one particular constituent and returns the remainder to the circulation.

Blood Collection
Common procedures for blood collection: a) Venipuncture - blood chemistry b) Arterial puncture - (ABG) arterial blood gas c) Heelstick - pediatric patients

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Blood Testing
- used to determine physiological and biochemical states, such as disease, mineral content, drug effectiveness, and organ function.

Blood Testing
KINDS OF BLOOD TESTS
a) Complete Blood Count (CBC) - Most common - RBC, WBC, Platelets, Hemoglobin b) Blood Chemistry Tests - Test to check for electrolytes by measuring the levels of sodium, potassium, chloride and bicarbonate in your body

Blood Testing
c) Blood Enzyme Tests - can detect injury to the heart by measuring the creatine levels. They can also measure levels of cardiac muscle proteins. d) Heart Disease Risk - show your total cholesterol count, your LDL, HDL and triglycerides. e) Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test - For men only - measures proteins produced by the prostate.

Blood Typing
- Use to determine an individual's blood group and what type of blood or blood components the person can safely receive.

a) ABO Grouping b) Rh Typing

Type O+ - most common Rh-negative group < 1%

Blood Storage - Plastic bag with anticoagulant/buffers

a) Short-term storage 42 days or 6 weeks pRBC involves refrigeration but usually not freezing.

SAGM (Saline, Adenine, Glucose and Manitol) -42 days ACD (acid-citrate dextrose) CPD (citrate-phosphate dextrose) - 21 days CP2D (citrate-phosphate double dextrose) CPDA (citrate-phosphate dextrose adenine) - 35 days

Blood Storage
a) Long-term storage Uncommon Cryopreservation up to 10 years - The cells are incubated in a glycerol solution which acts as a cryoprotectant ("antifreeze") within the cells.

Blood Transfusion
IV Approximately 1-4 hrs
USUALLY FOR: surgery severe injuries (e.g car accidents) illness

THANK YOU