SMOG

SMOG
Smog

fog. Modern smog is a type of air pollution derived from vehicular emission from internal combustion engines and industrial fumes. Smog is also caused by large amounts of coal burning in an area caused by a mixture of smoke and sulfur dioxide.

is a type of air pollution; smoke and

PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG
This

forms when sunlight hits various pollutants in the air and forms a mix of chemicals that can be very dangerous. A photochemical smog is the chemical reaction of sunlight, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere, which leaves airborne particles (called particulate matter) and ground-level ozone.

CAUSES OF SMOG

Smog is caused by many factors. The smog that enters the atmosphere consists of over 100 chemicals, many coming from different sources. Particulates present in smog include carbon monoxide, dirt, soot, dust, and ozone. To really create the smog effect, sunlight, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides have to mix together. Major producers of smog include automobiles, fires, waste treatment, oil production, industrial solvents, paints, and coatings.

Minor Health Impact

Everyone has a different level of susceptibility to the negative effects of smog, but many people begin to feel effects immediately after being outside in a smoggy area. The first health effects you may experience are

These low-grade symptoms may disappear when you leave a smoggy area, but frequent exposure to smog can lead to long-term health problems.

throat irritation Coughing chest pain, depending on your personal tolerance.

Major Health Impact

smog can have devastating effects for people with existing health problems. If you have a respiratory illness, such as asthma or emphysema, you put yourself at greater risk of attacks every time you are exposed to smog. The ozone in smog does damage to the lining of the lungs, a superficial problem if exposure is limited to a few days. if exposure continues over a prolonged time, your lungs might be unable to keep recovering in the same, normal way. Smog can cause onsets of colds or even pneumonia, and, in cases of extremely regular exposure, it has even been known to lead to cancer.

Environmental Impact
Smog

is not only dangerous to the health of humans but also to the general wellbeing of entire ecosystems. In addition to its harmful effects on humans, smog has far-reaching effects at the bottom of the food chain. The ozone that smog contains often prevents plants from growing to their potential, causing damage to crops. Some crops with a strong penchant for smog-induced infection include lettuce, tomatoes, soybeans and peanuts.

CASE STUDY

This time, smog shuts down Naia By Miko L. Morelos, Jerome Aning Philippine Daily Inquirer 07/03/2010
AT

LEAST 38 DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL flights were diverted to different airports in the country Saturday morning as thick smog due to air pollution enveloped the capital, causing poor visibility at the Ninoy Aquino International Airport (Naia).

 An

aviation official blamed the disruptions on worsening air pollution levels in Metro Manila and the breakdown of navigational landing equipment at the airport. Weather forecasters said the trapped surface air, thick with smoke, moisture and pollution, was caused by a high-pressure weather system which restricted air movement for about seven hours.

Source: Philippine Star, 24 January 2003

JEEPNEY

DRIVERS ARE LEADING VICTIMS OF AIR POLLUTION. Jeepney drivers are the leading victims of air pollution in the Philippines in 2002, a recent World Bank report showed.

The Tricycle Sector and the Clean Air Act

There are approximately 900,000 motorcycles nationwide. What are the air pollution issues relating to two-stroke tricycles? Two-stroke tricycles have lower fuel efficiency. Some 15-40% of its fuel air mixtures escapes through the exhaust port. Because of this, the unburned gasoline and lubricant it emits contribute to an increased hydrocarbon and fine particulate emissions in the atmosphere. Emission tests conducted on tricycles showed that the average hydrocarbon emissions was at 6,000 ppm (parts per million) or 10 times over the acceptable standard for cars.

Republic Act 8749 Philippine Clean Air Act

Republic Act 8749 of 23 June 1999 provides for a comprehensive air pollution control policy. Act deals with basic air quality policies; definition of terms; air quality management system: general provisions, air pollution clearances and permits for stationary sources, pollution from stationary sources, pollution from motor vehicles, pollution from other sources; fuels, additives, substances and pollutants; other pollutants; role of the "Department of Environment and Natural Resources"; actions; fines and penalties;

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