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Adverbial clauses
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definition
An adverb clause is a dependent clause that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb. It usually modifies the verb. Adverb clauses are introduced by subordinate conjunctions including : after, although, as, as if, before, because, if, since, so that, than, though, unless, until, when, where, and while. (These are just some of the more common adverb clauses.)

General Formula:
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Adverbial clause + , + Independent clause (a comma after adverbial clause) OR Independent clause + Adverbial clause (no comma after adverbial clause)

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Requirements
An

adverb clause will meet three requirements: 1.First, it will contain a subject and verb.

2.You will also find a subordinate conjunction that keeps the clause from expressing a complete thought. 3.Finally, you will notice that the clause answers one of these three adverb questions: How? When? or Why?

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Kind of adverb clauses

time

clauses clauses clauses

conditional purpose reason result

clauses clauses

clauses clauses of Comparison of manner

concession place

Clause

clauses

1) Adverb of Time
Function Adverb of time is used to tell the time that an action happens or someone does something. Common conjunction when, before, after, since, while, as, as long as, until , till, etc. (conjunctions that answer the question "when?"); hardly, scarcely, no sooner, etc. Example: Her goldfish died when she was young.

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2) conditional clauses
Common Conjunction if, unless, lest Function These clauses are used to talk about a possible or counterfactual situation and its consequences. Example : If they lose weight during an illness, they soon regain it afterwards.

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3) purpose clauses
Common conjunction in order to, so that, in order that Function These clauses are used to indicate the purpose of an action. Example They had to take some of his land so that they could extend the churchyard.

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4) reason clauses
Common conjunction because, since, as, given Function These clauses are used to indicate the reason for something. Example I couldn't feel anger against him because I liked him too much.

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5) result clauses
Common conjunction so...that Function These clauses are used to indicate the result of something. Example My suitcase had become so damaged on the journey home that the lid would not stay closed.

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6) concession/contrast clauses
Common conjunction although, though, while Function These clauses are used to make two statements, one of which contrasts with the other or makes it seem surprising. Example I used to read a lot although I don't get much time for books now.

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7) place clauses
Common conjunction where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere, etc. (conjunctions that answer the question "where?") Function These clauses are used to talk about the location or position of something. Example He said he was happy where he was.

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8)Clause of Comparison
Common conjunction as Function Adverb as is a clause which states comparison. Example Johan speaks english as fluently as his teacher.

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9) clauses of manner
Common conjunction as, like, the way Function These clauses are used to talk about someone's behavior or the way something is done. Example i was never allowed to do things as I wanted to do them.

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Exercise
Question number 1 You will have to pay higher insurance ________ you buy a sports car. A. before B. if C. so that D. although

Question number 2
You

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need proper shoes to go hiking in the mountains ________ the ground is rough and hard.

A.so that B. before C. because D. even though

Question number 3
Hockey

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players wear lots of protective clothing ________ they don't get hurt.

A. after B. because C. in order that D. though

Question number 4
You

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shouldn't drive ________ drinking alcohol.

A. if B. after C. in order that D. even though

Question number 5
________ Volkswagen cars are cheap, they last a long time. A. although B. in order that C. After D. because

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END OF SESSION AND THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION