TRICKLING FILTER

BY SAYAN DHAR REG NO:-1010930036

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Secondary treatment is much more than only primary treatment which only partially purifies the water from larger granural particles,It frees water fom smaller suspended particles which donot get entrapped by grit chambers, screens etc.For this use of various kinds of trickling filters are employed so as to attain the highest purity possible through secondary treatment.
.SAYAN DHAR

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INTRODUCTION
This presentation focusses on the importance of trickling filters its types & the various stages involved in the process.

Why Secondary Treatment

?
:-Primary treatment does not remove all flocs further treatment is required. :-Primary treatment provides the additional opportunity for separation of small flocs or particles.
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TRICKLING FILTER! WHAT IT IS?

A trickling filter consists of a fixed bed of rocks, lava, coke, gravel, peat moss, ceramic, or plastic media over which sewage or other wastewater flows downward and causes a layer of microbial slime to grow, covering the bed of media. Aerobic conditions are maintained by forced air flowing through the bed.

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COMPONENTS:-

Each trickling filter has several components: Septic tank. Clarifier/dosing tank. Trickling filter. Land application system.

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Trickling Filter DesignTrickle Filter: A trickling filter, which is a tank of media such as gravel of plastic material. Wastewater is distributed over the top of the media and flows downward across the media surface in a thin film. It then exits the bottom of the tank and flows into the clarifier/dosing tank.

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Operation:The removal of pollutants from the wastewater stream involves both absorption and adsorption of organic compounds by the layer of microbial biofilm. The filter media is typically chosen to provide a very high surface area to volume. Passage of the wastewater over the media furnishes dissolved air, the oxygen which the slime layer requires for the biochemical oxidation of the organic compounds and releases carbon dioxide gas, water and other oxidized end products,and the biofilm layer thickens. Typically, a trickling filter is followed by a clarifier or sedimentation tank for the separation and removal of the slougs.

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Attached Growth Process

What can this process do

1. Remove Nutrient 2. Remove dissolved organic solids 3. Remove suspended organic solids 4. Remove suspended solids

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Attached Growth Process:-

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Trickling Filter Design Clarifier/Dosing Tank: It is a concrete or fiberglass tank that allows biological materials to settle out of the water. It also houses a pump to dose water over the top of the filter. Return water from the filter, enters the tank.

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Trickling Filter (TF)- side view:-

TF consists of: rotating distributor arms A rotating arm that sprays wastewater over a filter medium. Filter medium: rocks, Packing plastic, or other media material. The water is collected at the bottom of the filter for Underdrain further treatment.
Wastewater
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Design consideration: Influent wastewater characteristics Degree of treatment anticipated (BOD & TSS removal). Temperature range of applied wastewater Pretreatment processes Type of filter media Recirculation rate Hydraulic and organic loadings applied to the filter Under drainage and ventilation systems

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Flow Diagram for Trickling Filters:Recirculation= A portion of the TF effluent recycled through the filter Recirculation ratio (R) = returned flow (Qr)/ influent flow (Q) Qr Recycle

Final clarifier

Influent

Primary clarifier

Trickling filter

Was sludg Page 16

What are the various stages in trickling

Filters

?
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Single stage:-

a.

PC

TF

SC

b.

PC

TF

SC

c.

PC

TF

SC

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Trickling Filters:Single Stage Trickling Filter:-

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Two stage:-

PC

TF

TF

SC

PC

TF

SC

TF

SC

PC

TF

SC

TF

SC

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Two Stage Trickling Filter:-

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Advantages of Trickling filtration plant:Simple and reliable process Appropriate for small- to medium-sized communities Relatively low power requirements; They require power for pumping only and do not need large power-hungry aeration blowers. They produce less sludge than suspended-growth systems. Level of skill and technical expertise needed to manage and operate the system is moderate The cost to operate a trickling filter is very low.
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Disadvantages of Trickling filtration plant:Additional treatment may be needed for the effluent to meet strict discharge standards. Generates sludge that must be treated and disposed of. Regular operators attention is needed. Relatively high incidence of clogging. Relatively low loadings required depending on the media. Any maintenance service for the rotary distribution mechanism would require a crane and complete removal of the rotary distributor mechanism, guy rods, and arms. Potential for vector and odor problems
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Stone media TF design

NRC (national research council) formula

E1
where:

100 w1 1 0.4432 VF

First stage or single stage

E1 = BOD removal efficiency for first-stage filter at 20oC, % w1 = BOD load applied, kg/day V = volume of filter media, m3 F = recirculation factor
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countries seem to have a lot of waste water , but the old saying still prevails water water everywhere but not a single drop to drink!! with lots of large purification units they could provide water for their thirsty masses and boost up hygene to fuel industrialization! Everyone would be benefited, it would be fabulous!

BUT
WHAT ABOUT THE FINANCE

??

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Thank you

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