Individual assignment on energy audit management

Presented by Gayatri Adhikary(DC2009BTE3005) Shyam Sundar Kalita(DC2009BTE3026)

ENERGY EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES IN ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

CONTENTS Introduction Maximum demand controllers Automatic power factor controllers Energy efficient motors Soft starters with energy saver Variable speed drive Energy efficient transformer Electronic ballasts Energy efficient lighting control Conclusion

INTRODUCTION
Reduces consumption Reduces Carbon Emissions Reduces Motor Temperature Increases Motor Life Reduces Peak In-Rush Current Demand Reduces Wear and Tear on Mechanical Elements of the System Monitors Uptime and KW Used Minimizes Impact of Future Energy Rate Increases and/or Carbon Taxes Saves Money

Maximum demand controller

High tension consumer have to pay maximum demand charge. Charge is based on highest amount of power used during a period. Savings can be made by reducing un essential load during such periods of high power use Maximum demand controller is a device used for load management in industry. When load increases beyond a preset value an alarm sounded and unessential load disconnected automatically. Program is user defined.

AUTOMATIC POWER FACTOR CONTROLLER

Most of the power loads are inductive and takes lagging current Disadvantage of low power factor we need large rating of equipment Greater conductor size Large copper loss Poor voltage regulations Reduced handling capacity of system

Continued..
The methods to control power factor
Voltage control KVAR control

ENERGY EFFICIENT MOTORS

Motor efficiency can be improved by reducing watt losses. energy-efficient electric motors reduce energy losses through improved design, better materials, and improved manufacturing techniques. Energy-efficient motors last longer, and may require less maintenance Starting torque for efficient motors may be lower than for standard motors.

SOFT STARTER
At starting AC induction motor develops more torque than required at full speed resulting in excessive wear and premature failure of chains, belts, gears etc. Soft starter provides a reliable and economical solution to these problems by delivering a controlled release of power to the motor, thereby providing smooth, stepless acceleration and deceleration. Advantages of Soft Start Less mechanical stress Improved power factor. Lower maximum demand. Less mechanical maintenance

Variable Speed Drives

Induction motor is the workhorse of the industry. Its speed of which can be varied by a) changing the supply frequency. b) varying the input voltage, c) varying the resistance of the rotor circuit, d) using mechanical means such as gears and pulleys and eddy-current or fluid coupling e) by using rotary or static voltage and frequency converters.

VSD Continued
Variable speed drives, and the loads that are applied to, can generally be divided into two groups: constant torque and variable torque. The torque required varies with the square of the speed, and the horsepower required varies with the cube of the speed. Tighter process control with variable speed drives Extended equipment life and reduced maintenance

Energy Efficient Transformers

The iron loss of any transformer depends on the type of core used in the transformer.

Latest technology is to use amorphous material a metallic glass alloy for the core.
98.5% efficiency at even 35% load. At present amorphous metal core transformers are available up to 1600 kVA.

Electronic Ballast
Ballast acts as a stabilizer. Basic functions of modern electronic ballast are: 1. To ignite the lamp 2. To stabilize the gas discharge 3. To supply the power to the lamp Largest advantage of an ballast is the enormous energy savings it provides through its amazingly low internal core loss and increased light output.

Energy efficient lighting control

Occupancy Sensors Timed Based Control

Daylight Linked Control

Localized Switching

Conclusion
Energy efficiency the goal to reduce the amount of energy required to provide products and services. One of the quickest and cheapest ways to increase the amount of energy available for use. According to the IEA, improved energy efficiency in buildings, industrial processes and transportation could reduce the world's energy needs in 2050 by one third.