FIRE SUPPRESSION & DETECTION SYSTEMS

THERMAL DETECTION SYSTEMS

Fixed Temperature Detectors
Rate of Rise Detectors

THERMAL DETECTION SYSTEMS

Rate of rise systems first introduced in 1910. Thermal detection systems are designed to operate from the thermal energy output-the heat-of a fire.

THERMAL DETECTION SYSTEMS

THERMAL DETECTION SYSTEMS

Design Spacing for Fixed Temperature and Rate of Rise Detectors have requirements as set forth in:

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION

THERMAL DETECTION SYSTEMS Thermal type detectors are evaluated by Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.

THERMAL DETECTION 2 SYSTEMS

Fixed Temperature Detectors
Rate of Rise Detectors

THERMAL DETECTION SYSTEMS

Fixed Temperature Detectors

THERMAL DETECTION SYSTEMS

Rate of Rise Detectors

THERMAL DETECTION SYSTEMS

Rate Compensated Detectors

Basic components of a sprinkler system

Feed Main Riser Branch Lines Water Flow Sprinkler Control Alarm Valve Valve Fire Pump Suction Tank

Automatic Sprinklers

Yard Hydrant
Public Hydrant

Divisional Valves

Yard Main Pumper Connection

Supply Control Valve Public Water Main

Check Valve

Feed Main Riser Sprinklers Branch Lines

Lead-In

Yard Main

Valves

Supply Control Valve

Check Valve

Divisional Valves

Sprinkler Control Valve

PIV

Pump House

Suction Tank Suction

Discharge

OS&Y

Fire Service Connection

Pressure

Sprinkler Systems
Wet Dry Deluge Preaction

Sprinkler Systems
Wet

40 F or More

Sprinkler Systems
Wet Dry

To System

35-40 Pounds Air Pressure

Priming Water From Water Supply

Drain

Intermediate Chamber

To Alarm

Water

Sprinkler Systems
Wet Dry Deluge

Sprinkler Systems
Wet Dry Deluge Preaction

FIRE DETECTION SYSTEMS

RESIDENTIAL FIRE DETECTION

RESIDENTIAL FIRE DETECTION

FIRE FATALITY FIGURES FROM EIGHT STATES INDICATE THAT 69% OF ALL FIRE DEATHS & 87% OF ALL DEATHS IN STRUCTURAL FIRES OCCUR IN DWELLINGS

RESIDENTIAL FIRE DETECTION

Data collected from 1970-1987 shows increase in detector installations in residential dwelling units. Increase reduces cost of smoke detectors and the increase of legislation mandating installation.

RESIDENTIAL FIRE DETECTION

TYPES OF DEVICES INSTALLED IN DWELLINGS HEAT SENSATIVE DETECTORS SMOKE DETECTORS

RESIDENTIAL FIRE DETECTION

DETECTION OF INCIPIENT FIRES DEPENDENT UPON:
Persons being in the area of origin Installation of automatic extinguishing systems Automatic detectors and systems

RESIDENTIAL FIRE DETECTION

Detectors considered more reliable

RESIDENTIAL FIRE DETECTION

Detectors usually provide additional time for evacuation

RESIDENTIAL FIRE DETECTION

They do not become fatigued or distracted, nor are they under medication, sick, or intoxicated

RESIDENTIAL FIRE DETECTION

Principal cause of smoke detector failure in 61% of cases studied was dead or missing batteries

RESIDENTIAL FIRE DETECTION

About 20% of U.S. residences failed to have any smoke detectors

RESIDENTIAL FIRE DETECTION

2 ESSENTIAL & CRITICAL PERFORMANCE FACTORS

Particle size of the smoke

Fire-induced air velocities created by the thermal column

RESIDENTIAL FIRE DETECTION

Smoke detectors respond to both visible and invisible products of combustion.

RESIDENTIAL FIRE DETECTION

< .3 MICROMETERS DO NOT SCATTER LIGHT > .3 MICROMETERS DO SCATTER LIGHT

SMOKE PARTICLE

RESIDENTIAL FIRE DETECTON

PHOTO ELECTRIC DETECTORS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY FASTER WITH

A SMOLDERING COTTON TEST FIRE

SITUATION.

RESIDENTIAL FIRE DETECTON

PHOTOELECTRIC DETECTORS

RESIDENTIAL FIRE DETECTON

IONIZATION CHAMBER DETECTORS APPEARED TO BE MORE SUITABLE

FOR THE RELATIVELY CLEAN

BURNING, LOW SMOKE PRODUCING

FIRE INVOLVING WOOD.

RESIDENTIAL FIRE DETECTON

IONIZATION CHAMBER

DETECTORS

RESIDENTIAL FIRE DETECTION

NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN RESPONSE OF DETECTORS MOUNTED ON CEILING OR ON WALL.
CEILING
W A L L

RESIDENTIAL FIRE DETECTION

EVALUATION STUDY THE EFFECT OF THE LOCATION AND PLACEMENT OF THE IONIZATION & PHOTOELECTRIC SMOKE DETECTORS

RESIDENTIAL FIRE DETECTORS

S E N S I T I V I T Y

TIME

PHOTOELECTRIC

RESIDENTIAL FIRE DETECTORS

S E N S I T I V I T Y

TIME

IONIZED CHAMBER

RESIDENTIAL FIRE DETECTION

135 F

PROVIDED LITTLE LIFE SAVING POTENTIAL

RESIDENTIAL FIRE DETECTORS

Gas-operated Heat Detector

Spring Motor Heat Detector

RESIDENTIAL FIRE DETECTORS

EVALUATED BY THE-

UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES, INC.

RESIDENTIAL FIRE DETECTORS

RESIDENTIAL FIRE DETECTORS

NFPA STANDARD 74 REQUIRES: Installation on each floor level outside sleeping areas in the immediate vicinity of bedrooms and on each additional story of the living unit. This should include basements, but not crawl spaces & unfinished attics.

RESIDENTIAL FIRE DETECTORS

NFPA STANDARD 74 REQUIRES: A level of 85 decibels at a distance of 10 feet.

Chapter 5 Questions
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Name the types of Thermal detection systems? Name the four types of Sprinkler systems? What is the principal cause of smoke detector failure? Smoke detectors respond to both_______________ and ______________ products of combustion . NFPA 74 requires a level of _______decibels at a distance of ______________feet.