BRAZIL

TEAM:
LT Col Walter Miller LT Col Javier Iturriaga LCDR Herman Pfaeffle

AGENDA
- BACKGROUND - GEOGRAPHY - POLITICAL - MILITARY

- ECONOMIC
- SOCIAL - INFRASTRUCTURE

- CONCLUSION
- MOVIE

BACKGROUND
1494 Treaty of Tordesilhas divided the world between Portugal and Spain 1500 Admiral Pedro lvares Cabral arrives and claims the territory for Portugal 1580 Treaty of Iberian Union - Spain and Portugal Conquer of West 1594 France invaded Brazil 1615 French invaders are ejected from Brazil 1624 1st Dutch invasion in Salvador Bahia ejected in 1625

1630 2nd Dutch invasion in Pernambuco Dutch invaders are defeat in

1648 by an army composed of native Indians, Afro people and settlers of European origin, using guerrilla warfare - The Brazilian Army was born on that moment. 1808 Napoleonic Wars arrive in Portugal. King Joo VI move with court to Brazil 1820 - King Joo VI returns to Portugal and leaves his son Pedro as prince

regent in Brazil.

BACKGROUND
1822 Prince Pedro declares Brazil independent from Portugal on September 7, becoming Pedro I, Emperor of Brazil 1831 Pedro I abdicates in favor of his five-year-old son, who becomes emperor Pedro II in 1840 1889 Following a military revolt, Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca proclaims the Republic 1918 WWI: Brazil declares war against Germany and cooperates with the

Allies (medical support and observer)

1922-1930 Revolutionary period Getlio Vargas 1935 Communist Insurgency 1939-1945 WWII: Brazil sends the Brazilian Expeditionary Force comprising 25,000 troops, a complete Infantry Division, to fight in Italy with the US V Army under Gen Mark Clark

BACKGROUND
1964-1984 Democratic Revolution - Military Government (President was elected by Electoral College National Congress) 1985 Transition Government from Militaries to civilians 1992 President Fernando Collor is ejected from power by impeachment process because of a corruption scandal. Assumes Itamar Franco, vice-president 1994 Fernado Henrique Cardoso, former finance minister, wins the

presidency and maintains the previous government's economical

politics the inflation is controlled 2003 Lula, a former trade union leader and factory worker became Brazils first working-class president

GEOGRAPHY

8,060,290 sq km 8,511,965 sq km 1st Russia 2nd Canada 3rd China 4th USA 5th BRAZIL

GEOGRAPHY

GEOGRAPHY

LAND BORDER 14,691 km

COAST LINE 7,491 km

Brazil shares common boundaries with every South America country except Chile and Ecuador.

GEOGRAPHY
Guiana Highland Coast Plain

Amazon Plain

Brazilian Pantanal Plain Highland

Coast Plain

GEOGRAPHY
Equatorial Wet

CLIMATE

Equator
Tropical Semiarid

Tropic of Capricorn
Tropical Wet (Winter) Dry (Summer) Coastal Wet Subtropical Wet

GEOGRAPHY
TEMPERATURE
Between 25oC (77oF) and 40C (104oF)

Between 20oC (68oF) and 25oC (77oF)

Between 0oC (32oF) and 20oC (68oF)

GEOGRAPHY
Northern North Eastern

Brazil is divided in five Natural Regions

Central Western

South Eastern
South
16

Northern Region

Central Western Region

Southern Region

North Eastern Region

South Eastern Region

POLITICAL

Name: Republic Federative of Brazil Short form: Brazil

Government Type: Federative Republic

Regime Form: Presidentialist

POLITICAL

Capital of Brazil
Federal District: 2,051,146 inhabitants

Braslia-DF

SO PAULO

The largest Brazilian city 10,434,252 inhabitants

RIO DE JANEIRO

5,857,904 inhabitants

BELO HORIZONTE

2,350,564 inhabitants

SALVADOR

2,440,886 inhabitants

MANAUS

2,389,279 inhabitants

PORTO ALEGRE

1,428,696 inhabitants

POLITICAL
Political Levels
- Federal Level

- State Level (includes the Federal District)

- Municipal Level

Branches of Power
- Executive
- Legislative - Judicial

POLITICAL Executive Branch

Federal Level
(President of Brazil and Cabinet of Ministers and Secretaries)

Chief of State

Head of Government
Commander-in-Chief of Armed Forces

President Luis Inacio Lula da Silva LULA

President elected in January 1, 2003 for a 4-year terms

POLITICAL Executive Branch

State Level
(Governor and Cabinet of State Secretaries)
Governors of States are elected for a 4-year terms

Municipal Level
(Mayor and Municipal Secretaries)
Mayors are elected for a 4-year terms

POLITICAL Legislative Branch

Federal Level
Bicameral National Congress
- Federal Senate:
- 81 senators (three from each State and Federal District) - Elected for an 8-year terms (1/3 2/3) - Chamber of Deputies: - 513 members (proportional to the population of each

State and Federal District)

- Elected for 4-year terms

POLITICAL Legislative Branch

State Level
Chamber of State Deputies
- Number of members (proportional to the population of each State and Federal District)

- Elected for 4-year terms

Municipal Level
Chamber of Councilmen
- Number of members (proportional to the population of each City) - Elected for 4-year terms

POLITICAL Judicial Branch

Supreme Federal Court

(Constitutional Court) 11 ministers are appointed for life by the president and confirmed by the Senate. They have a mandatory retirement age of 70.

POLITICAL Brazilian Legal System

Based on Roman codes

CONSTITUTION
Promulgated on 5 October 1988 revised in 1994

POLITICAL
Brazilian Legal System
National Advice of Justice

POLITICAL
Political Parties
- Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB) - Brazilian Labor Party (PTB)

- Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB)

- Brazilian Socialist Party (PSB) - Communist Party of Brazil (PCdoB) - Democratic Labor Party (PDT) - Democratic Socialist Party (PSD) - Green Party (PV) - Liberal Front Party (PFL) - Liberal Party (PL) - National Order Reconstruction Party (PRONA) - Popular Socialist Party (PPS) - Progressive Party (PP) - Social Christian Party (PSC) - Worker's Party (PT) current Government - Socialist and Freedom Party (PSOL)

POLITICAL
POLITICAL PRESSURE GROUPS
-Landless Workers Movement -Labor Unions and Federations

-Large Farmers Associations

-Religious Groups

POLITICAL
SUFFRAGE
Voluntary: between 16 and 18 years of age and over 70.

Compulsory: over 18 and under 70 years of age.

Military conscripts do not vote

POLITICAL
Principles that rules the International Affairs
- Peoples Self-Determination - Non-Intervention - Evenness between Nations - Defense of International Peace - Peaceful Solution of Conflicts (CONSTITUTION) THOSE PRINCIPLES PREVENT BRAZIL TO PARTICIPATE IN PEACE ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS

POLITICAL
International organization participation
AfDB, BIS, CSN, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MIGA, MINUSTAH, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMISET, UNMOVIC, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO

MILITARY
CONSTITUTIONAL MISSION OF THE ARMED FORCES

TO DEFEND THE COUNTRY TO GUARANTEE THE CONSTITUTIONAL

POWERS, THE LAW AND THE ORDER

TO PARTICIPATE IN INTERNATIONAL

OPERATIONS
AS SUBSIDIARY TASK, TO ASSIST THE

CIVIL DEFENCE AND THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

MILITARY
President of Brazil

Ministry of Defense Expenditure 2004 : US$ 11 billion (1.8 % GDP)

Defense Staff

NAVY 53,000

ARMY 200,000

AIR FORCE 64,000

MILITARY
Foreign military relations:
- Brazil has good military relations with many countries, particularly with South America Countries, United States, and Spain.

Military Service
- Males with 18 years of age compulsory military service - Conscript service obligation 12 months - Males with 17 years of age voluntary military service

Military Manpower
- Availability = males age 19-49: 45,586,036 (2005 est.) - Fit for military service = males age 19-49: 33,119,098 (2005 est.) - Reaching military age annually = males: 1,785,930 (2005 est.)

Paramilitary Forces: none Role of the military in society:

- Civil Defence - National development

MILITARY

THE LAND FORCE

7 AREA MILITARY COMMANDS 12 MILITARY DISTRICTS 8 ARMY DIVISIONS 2 CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING GROUPS 4 DIVISIONARY ARTILLERIES 1 ARMY AVIATION COMMAND 26 BRIGADES

200,OOO TROOPS

PARTICIPATION PEACE OPERATIONS

MINUCI/UNOCI 03 Cote dIvory Obs & Staff Officer MINUSTAH 04 - Haiti PKF Cmdr, Staff Officer & Troops UNOGBIS 04 - Guinea Bissau Mil Advisor UNCRO 95 - 96 UNMOP 99 - 02 Prevlaka Croatia Mil Obs UNSCOB 47 - 51 Greece Mil Obs

MILITARY

UNPROFOR 92 - 95 Former Iugoslavia Mil Obs

UNPREDEP 95 - 99 Macedonia Mil Obs

DOMREP 65 - 66 FAIBRAS 65 66 - OAS Dominican Republic Tropa e Obs Mil MINUGUA 94 - 00 Guatemala Mil Obs

UNTAES 96 98 East Eslovania Mil Obs UNFICYP 95 - Cyprus Intg Arg Bn

UNIPOM 65 - 66 India - Pakistan Mil Obs

ONUSAL 91 - 92 El Salvador Mil Obs ONUCA 89 - 92 Nicargua Mil Obs MARMINCA 94 - Honduras, Costa Rica, Guatemala e Nicaragua Supervisors - OAS MARMINAS 03 - Ecuador e Peru Supervisors - OAS

UNSF 62 - 62 New Guinea Mil Obs

UNEF-I 57 - 67 Midle East Troops

UNAMET / INTERFET 99 - 99 UNTAET 00 - 02 East Timor Mil Obs & Troops UNAVEM I, II e III 89 - 97 Angola Mil Obs & Troops

MOMEP 95 - 99 Ecuador - Peru Mil Obs & Troops

MONUA 97 - 99 Angola Mil Obs & Medical Team

UNMA 01 - 03 Angola Liaision Officer

ONUMOZ 92 - 94 Mozambique Mil Obs & Troops

UNOMUR 93 - 94 Uganda - Rwanda Mil Obs

UNMISET 02 - East Timor Mil Obs & Troops

Finished Missions

Current Missions

MILITARY

THE AIR FORCE

1 AEROSPACE DEFENSE COMMAND 7 AERIAL REGIONAL COMMANDS 3 AIR FORCES

64,OOO TROOPS

THE NAVAL FORCE

MILITARY

1 NAVAL OPEARATIONS COMMAND 9 NAVAL DISTRICTS BRAZILIAN NAVY SHIPS

-Aircraft Carrier -Frigates -Destroyers -Cruisers -Amphibious Assault Ships -Submarines

NAVAL AVIATION MARINE CORPS

53,OOO TROOPS

ECONOMIC
GDP (purchasing power parity): $1.492 trillion (2004 est.) GDP - real growth rate: 5.1% (2004 est.) GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $8,100 (2004 est.) GDP - composition by sector: (2004 est.)
- agriculture: 10.1% - industry: 38.6% - services: 51.3%

Investment Levels: 19.8% of GDP (2004 est.) International Reserves: US$ 53.776 million (Dec 29, 2005)
Population below poverty line: 22% (1998) Household income (1998):
- lowest 10%: 0.7% - highest 10%: 48%

Inflation rate: 7.6 % (2004) 5.7% (2005)

ECONOMIC
Labor force: 89 million (2004 est.) Labor force - by occupation:
- agriculture 20% - industry 14% - services 66% (2003 est.)

Unemployment rate: 9.7% (2005 est.) Budget (2004):

- revenues: $140.6 billion - expenditures: $172.4 billion

Public debt: 52% of GDP (2004 est.)

External debt: $ 219.8 billion (2002) Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $ 52.94 billion (2004 est.)

ECONOMIC
Currency: Real (R$) Exchange rates: reals per dollar = R$ 2.42

ECONOMIC
Agriculture Products: - coffee, soybeans, wheat, rice, corn, sugarcane, cocoa, citrus,
beef

Industries:

- textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin, steel,

aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other machinery and equipment

Industrial production growth rate: 6% (2004 est.)

ECONOMIC
Balance of payments (2005):
- Exports: $ 118,309 billion - Imports: $ 74,545 billion - Balance: $ 44,764 billion

Exports commodities: transport equipment, iron ore, soybeans,

footwear, coffee, beef, chicken, autos.

Exports partners: US (20.8%), Argentina (7.5%), Netherlands (6.1%),

China ( 5.6%), Germany (4.1%), Mexico (4%) (2004)

Imports commodities: machinery, electrical and transport

equipment, chemical products, oil.

Imports partners: US (18.3%), Argentina (8.9%), China ( 5.9%),

Germany (8.1%), Nigeria (5.6%), Japan (4.6%) (2004)

ECONOMIC
Electricity
- Production: 339 billion kWh (2002) - Consumption: 351.9 billion kWh (2002) - Exports: 7 million kWh (2002) - Imports: 36.58 billion kWh (supplied by Paraguay 2002)

Oil
- Production: 1.788 million bbl/day (2004 est.) - Consumption: 2.199 million bbl/day (2001 est.) - Proved reserves: 13.9 billion bbl (2004 est.)

Natural gas
- Production: 11.9 billion cu m (2004) - Consumption: 9.59 billion cu m (2001 est.) - Exports: 0 cu m (2001 est.) - Imports: 3.64 billion cu m (2001 est.) - Proved reserves: 333 billion cu m (2004)

SOCIAL
Population: 186,112,794 inhabitants (2005 est.) Population growth rate: 1.06% (2005 est.)

Ethnic groups (2000): - White: 53.7%

- Mulatto (mixed white and black): 38.5%

- Black: 6.2% - Other: 1.4 % (Japanese, Arab, Amerindian, and others)

SOCIAL
Age Structure (2005 est.) - 0-14 years: 26.1% - 15-64 years: 67.9% - 65 years and over: 6% Birth rate: 16.83 births per 1,000 population (2005 est.) Death rate: 6.15 deaths per 1,000 population (2005 est.) Net migration rate: -0.03 migrants per 1,000 population (2005 est.) Infant mortality rate: 29.61 per 1,000 live births (2005 est.) Life expectancy at birth: 71.69 years (total population) (2005 est.) - male: 67.74 years - Female: 75.85 years Fertility rate: 1.93 children born per woman (2005 est.)

SOCIAL
HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate: 0.7% (2003 est.) HIV/AIDS people living with HIV/AIDS : 660,000 (2003 est.) HIV/AIDS deaths: 15,000 (2003 est.) Religions (2000)
- Roman Catholic (nominal) 73.6%, - Protestant 15.4% - Spiritualist 1.3% - Bantu/voodoo 0.3%, - other 1.8% - unspecified 0.2% - none 7.4%

SOCIAL
Language: Portuguese (official). Literacy (2003): age 15 and over can read and write
- total population: 86.4% - male: 86.1% - female: 86.6%

Education: Public and Private Systems

- Kindgarden - Elementary School: 4 years - Middle School: 4 years - High School: 3 years - University: 5 years - pos graduation: 1 year - Master of Degree: 2 years - PhD: 2 years

SOCIAL
Cultural attitudes/beliefs
- In general, cultural attitudes do not varies. - Brazilian is religious people with common syncretism.

Cultural variations
- Each natural area has her characteristic culture.

Lifestyle
- Occidental lifestyle.

Customs
- Brazil has a fun people that likes to dance and to sing. - He is always smiling and happy. - He is eternal optimist.

SOCIAL
Diet/Food
- The Brazilian diet is very diversified, depend on region of the country. - white rice; beef, pork, chicken, fish or sea food; black bean, green, and vegetables.

Feijoada

Shrimp inside pumpkin

Brazilian Barbecue

Muqueca of fish

SOCIAL
Centers of authority - Brasilia is the main center of authority, but each state has its center of authority located in the capital of state. - Sao Paulo is the economic center of Brazil. Social centers - The main social center is Rio de Janeiro, but each state capital has a social center.

INFRASTRUCTURE
Transportation Railways: 29,412km (5.3% electrified) Highways: 1,724,929 km
- 94,871 km paved - 1,630,058 unpaved

Waterways: 50,000 km
- 94,871 km paved - 1,630,058 unpaved

Pipelines:
- Condensate/gas: 244 km - Gas: 10,739 km - Liquid petroleum gas: 341 km - Oil: 5,212 km - Refined products: 4,755 km

INFRASTRUCTURE
Transportation

Ports and Harbors: 10 (big capacity) Merchant Marine: 150 ships Airports: 4,136 Heliports: 417

INFRASTRUCTURE

Medical
- There are public system and private systems. - There is a good public hospitals net that render medical service without collection of fees. - The Public System is divided in branches where each government level has its role, however the health public system budget is not enough.

Water Sanitation: 93%

INFRASTRUCTURE
Communications and Media Telephones - main lines: 38.81 million (2002) - mobile cellular: 46.37 million (2003) Radio broadcast stations (1999) - AM: 1,365 - FM: 296 - Shortwave: 161 Television broadcast stations (1997): 138 Internet - Hosts: 3.16 million (2003) - Users: 14.3 million (2002)

CONCLUSION
KEY ISSUES
Social - Great social differences generates violence

- Urban violence - Organized Crime

Economic - Inequality of income - Development Political - Corruption and impunity Military

- Low budget
Infrastructure - Improving transportation and medical public systems

CONCLUSION

- Brazil is a stable country. Our people live without ethnic problems or others problems linked to factions, minorities, or insurgents. - There is no disaffected groups vying for power. Democracy is consolidate in Brazil. An example that the current president of Brazil is from left party and the current president of the Chamber of Deputies is from Communist Party of Brazil.