Chapter 8

Empowerment and Participation

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2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.

8-1

THE NATURE OF EMPOWERMENT AND PARTICIPATION

What Is Empowerment?
Empowerment 1. Job mastery 2. Accountability 3. Role models 4. Reinforcement and persuasion 5. Emotional support
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THE NATURE OF EMPOWERMENT AND PARTICIPATION

Figure 8-1

The process of empowerment

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2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.

8-3

THE NATURE OF EMPOWERMENT AND PARTICIPATION

What Is Participation?
Participation Involvement Motivation to Contribute

Acceptance of Responsibility

Why Is Participation Popular?

Ethical imperative

Benefits of Participation
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8-4

HOW PARTICIPATION WORKS

The Participative Process

The Impact on Managerial Power

Leader-Member Exchange
Leader-member exchange model

Two Views of Power

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8-5

HOW PARTICIPATION WORKS

Figure 8-4

Two views of power and influence

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2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.

8-6

HOW PARTICIPATION WORKS

Prerequisites for Participation

- Major prerequisites are
1. Time to participate

2. Benefits of participation should be greater than the costs

3. Relevant and interesting 4. Ability to participate 5. Mutually able to communicate 6. Neither party should feel that its position is threatened 7. Within the groups area of job freedom
Area of job freedom
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HOW PARTICIPATION WORKS

Contingency Factors

Differing Employee Needs for Participation

Underparticipation

Overparticipation

Responsibilities of Employees and Manager

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2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.

8-8

PROGRAMS FOR PARTICIPATION

Figure 8-8

Selected types of participative programs

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2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.

8-9

PROGRAMS FOR PARTICIPATION

Participative management

Suggestion Programs Quality Emphasis

Quality Circles Total Quality Management (TQM)

Self-Managing Teams Employee Ownership Plans

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8-10

IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS IN PARTICIPATION

Labor Union Attitudes toward Participation Limitations of Participation Managerial Concern about Participation Concluding Thoughts
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8-11

Questions
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8-12