Integumentary System

We are all the same underneath our skin!

Mahoney 11/06/05 LHS

Major Goals and Outcomes

Have a working knowledge of the functions of the skin and body membranes. Able to list and explain the functions of each membrane type. Compare the tissue make-up of the major membrane type. Determine the skin color and function of Melanin. Be able to describe the types and functions of the glands in the skin.

The Integument System

Basic Functions / Abilities
Waterproof shell Pliable yet tough Insulates and cushions Protection from mechanical, chemical, UV and thermal damage

Integument Overview Cont.

The total system contains:
Skin Sweat and oil glands Hair Finger nails

Integument Overview Cont.

Uppermost layer (Epi) is cornified (hardened) keratin Middle layer (Dermis) contains a rich capillary network, this is your hide. Lower level (Hypo) is made mostly of fat. Heavily connected to the nervous system and can tell us about our external environment Manufactures and synthesizes proteins and vitamin D !modified cholesterol molecules located in the skin are converted to vitamin D by sunlight!

The Body Membranes that Make the Integumentary System

Information:
Classified by their tissue make-up Covers surfaces inside and outside of the body Lines body cavities and organs with protective sheets.

2 Major categories:
Epithelial Connective

Epithelial
Types:

1. Cutaneous 2. Mucous 3. Serous Description: They all contain epithelial sheets but they are also always combined with connective tissue which makes them simple organs.

Cutaneous / Epidermis
(Epithelial)
This is your SKIN as you know it! The only dry membrane we have because it is always exposed to air. Top layer (Epidermis): composed of keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium. Bottom layer (Hypodermis): mostly dense (fibrous) connective tissue
Responsible for a womans curves!

Mucous
(Epithelial)
Composed of epithelium (type varies with site) Most are: Stratified Squamous or Simple Columnar Epithelium (digestive tract) Rests on loose connective tissue Wet Membrane = secrets protective layers of mucous or urine

Serous Membranes
(Epithelial)

Simple Squamous resting on a layer of areolar Lines the cavities closed to exterior Names of membranes depend on location Serous fluid separates organs and allows for movement/sliding
(heart & stomach can slide!)

Connective Tissues
Synovial Membranes
Soft connective tissue and contains no epithelial tissue Lines the capsules around joints and sacs of bursa and tendon sheaths Provides cushion and movement across bones surface.

Melanin
Pigment ranges from yellow to black Provided by melanocyctes Sun produces more melanin as a pigment Freckles / Moles = accumulation of melanin in 1 spot.

Appendages of the Skin

Cutaneous glands Hair and Hair follicles Finger nails
All arise from the epidermis

Cutaneous / Sebaceous
Found all over the skin, except palms and soles Sebum is the oil that that keeps your skin soft During puberty the glands can be hyperactiveacne!

Cutaneous / Sweat Glands

Eccrine Water, salts, vitamin C, metabolic wastes, lactic acid Ph 4 to 6 Apocrine Fatty acids and proteins Exclusive to the genital areas

Pain Receptors in the Skin

Meissner's
Fingertips Palms Lips Tongue Genital areas

Pacinian
Pressure receptor In skin and organs

Cross Section of a Finger

Hair and Hair Follicles