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    Sanitation refers to systems for safely collecting and treating human waste to prevent the spread of disease. Early urban areas like those in the Indus Valley had some of the first sanitation systems to collect wastewater. Today, over 40% of the world's population lacks basic sanitation facilities. As a result, thousands of children die daily from diarrhea and other diseases. Many developing countries cannot afford proper wastewater collection and treatment systems, so untreated wastewater is often discharged into the environment. The United Nations has set a target to reduce the global population without access to basic sanitation by half by 2015, but progress has been slow, leading the UN to declare 2008 the International Year of Sanitation.

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    Sanitation

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    Sanitation refers to systems for safely collecting and treating human waste to prevent the spread of disease. Early urban areas like those in the Indus Valley had some of the first sanitation systems to collect wastewater. Today, over 40% of the world's population lacks basic sanitation facilities. As a result, thousands of children die daily from diarrhea and other diseases. Many developing countries cannot afford proper wastewater collection and treatment systems, so untreated wastewater is often discharged into the environment. The United Nations has set a target to reduce the global population without access to basic sanitation by half by 2015, but progress has been slow, leading the UN to declare 2008 the International Year of Sanitation.

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    152 views9 pages

    Sanitation: Presented by

    Uploaded by

    dKAYx
    Sanitation refers to systems for safely collecting and treating human waste to prevent the spread of disease. Early urban areas like those in the Indus Valley had some of the first sanitation systems to collect wastewater. Today, over 40% of the world's population lacks basic sanitation facilities. As a result, thousands of children die daily from diarrhea and other diseases. Many developing countries cannot afford proper wastewater collection and treatment systems, so untreated wastewater is often discharged into the environment. The United Nations has set a target to reduce the global population without access to basic sanitation by half by 2015, but progress has been slow, leading the UN to declare 2008 the International Year of Sanitation.

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    of 9

    SANITATION

    Presented by.
    5/4/2013 1

    HISTORY
    The earliest evidence of urban sanitation was seen in Harappa, Mohenjo-daro and the recently discovered Rakhigarhi of Indus Valley civilisation. This urban plan included the world's first urban sanitation systems.

    5/4/2013

    What is sanitation ?
    Sanitation is the hygienic means of preventing human contact from the hazards of wastes to promote health (Wikipedia, 2008)
    5/4/2013 3

    SANITATION
    Basic sanitation On-site sanitation Food sanitation Environmental sanitation Ecological sanitation
    5/4/2013 4

    SANITATION
    More than 2.6 billion people forty per cent of the worlds population lack basic sanitation facilities, and over one billion people still use unsafe drinking water sources. As a result, thousands of children die every day from diarrhoea and other water-, sanitation- and hygiene-related diseases and many more suffer and are weakened by illness. (UNICEF, 2007)
    5/4/2013 5

    Sanitation and wastewater


    Wastewater collection The high investment cost of conventional wastewater collection systems are difficult to afford for many developing countries. Wastewater treatment In developing countries most wastewater is still discharge untreated into the environment
    5/4/2013 6

    Sanitation and wastewater


    Reuse of wastewater The reuse of untreated wastewater in irrigated agriculture is common in developing countries Ecological sanitation Ecological sanitation is sometimes presented as a radical alternative to conventional sanitation systems
    5/4/2013 7

    Sanitation and wastewater


    Sanitation and public health The importance of waste isolation lies in an effort to prevent water and sanitation related diseases, which afflicts both developed countries as well as developing countries to differing degrees. Global access to improved sanitation In developed countries, where less than 20% of the world population lives, 99% of the population has access to improved sanitation and 81% were connected to sewers.
    5/4/2013 8

    Sanitation in the developing world


    The United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) include a target to reduce by half the proportion of people without access to basic sanitation by 2015. In December 2006, the United Nations General Assembly declared 2008 'The International Year of Sanitation', in recognition of the slow progress being made towards the MDGs sanitation target. The year aims to develop awareness and action to meet the target.
    5/4/2013 9

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