Verbals

Verbals are forms of the verbs that are used as Nouns, Adjectives and adverbs in the sentences.

Kinds of Verbals
Gerund

Infinitive

Participles

Gerund
Used as subject
Smoking is a bad thing.

(Verbal Noun)

Used as object
I like reading.

Used as complement
His favourite sports is sailing.

Used as object of preposition

I am sorry for being late.

Tree Diagram Using Gerund

Infinitive
Used as subject
To find fault is easy.

Used as object
He likes to play .

Used as complement of verb

Her greatest pleasure is to sing.
Used as object of preposition

Bare Infinitive
In the presence of the following:
Bib, let, make, see, hear, (need, dare)

Let him to go.*

Modals

You should to offer Fajr prayer.*

Expressions

Had better, had rather, would rather, sooner/rather than.

Split Infinitive
Quite common in English, especially in an informal style.

Id like to really understand Phonology.

He began to slowly get up off the floor.

Difference between Infinitive & PP

I want

to go

to London

Infinitive

PP

Tree Diagram Using Infinitive

Participles and their Uses

Adjective/Complement

Continuity of action

Completion of action

Adverb modifying a verb (She stopped singing)

Forms of Participles
Forms
Present
Active Passive Continuous
writing Being written

Past
Written Written

Perfect
Having written Having been written Having been writing

Tree Diagram Using Present Participle

Tree Diagram Using Past Participle

His spoken English is very good.

Tree Diagram Using Perfect Participle

Having got education, we should serve Pakistan.