DEFINATIONA transformer is a power converter that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled

conductorsthe transformer's coils.

Construction & Working Principle:

An ideal transformer. The secondary current arises from the action of the secondary EMF on the (not shown) load impedance.

INDUCTION LAW:

By Faradays Law of induction,

Secondary coil

Primary coil

Since, flux linked with both the coil is same,

therefore,

By ratio of the number of turns Step Up Transformer Step Down Transformer

IDEAL POWER EQUATION:

Under ideal conditions,

LOSSES IN A TRANSFORMER:
Copper Loss- due to resistance in windings.

Iron Loss- due to hysteresis & eddy currents.

Transformer universal EMF equation

DIFFERENT FORMS OF TRANSFORMERS-

TRANSFORMER EFFICIENCY:

 1) Power transformers: They are designed to operate with an almost constant load equals to their rating. 2) Distribution transformers: designed to have maximum efficiency between and of the full-load. 3) Auto transformers: used for starting induction motors.
4) Instrument transformers: current and voltage transformers are used to extend the range of the ac instruments.

Presented By:R/2011-347_____Zico R/2011-348_____Wasim R/2011-349_____Abdul Khalid