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Engineering Drawing Lesson 3-Orthogonal Projections
Engineering Drawing Lesson 3-Orthogonal Projections
Engineering Drawing Lesson 3-Orthogonal Projections
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Orthographic
Isometric
Oblique
Perspective
Drawing paper
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Drawing paper
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Drawing paper
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Drawing lines
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Construction lines When a drawing is rendered, basic faint lines are drawn to provide a framework for the completion of the projection.
Construction Lines
Although not part of the object, these lines provide the framework to construct the drawing of the object.
Dimension Lines
Dimension Lines display precise information about the size of the object.
Width
Top View
Depth
Front View
Height
Object Lines
Object Lines Represent features that are only visible in the current view.
Width
Top View
Top View
Depth
Front View
Height
Hidden Lines represent features that cannot be seen in the current view. We show these unseen details, with dashed lines.
Hidden lines
Top View
Front View
Center Lines
Center lines represent symmetry and mark the center of circles, the axes of cylinders, and the axes of symmetrical parts, such as bolts.
Top View
Front View
Again, though not part of the object, these lines are important elements of the objects dimension and construction.
Sectioning of a view
A
The section line labeled A:A shows the arrows pointing in the direction to which you are observing the cut or section.
Section Lines Are used to represent where the object is to be cut or sectioned to reveal interior details. This is used when other views may not adequately reveal information about the object.
Object Lines represent visible features for an object. They are the darkest and most present.
Hidden Lines represent features that cannot be seen in the current view. They are as dark as the object lines. Center lines represent symmetry and mark the center of circles, the axes of cylinders, and the axes of symmetrical parts, such as bolts Section Lines Are used to represent where the object is to be cut or sectioned to reveal interior details. This is used when other views may not adequately reveal information about the object.
Isometric View
1. 2. 3. 4.
Line Types
Visible lines:
Visible lines represent visible edges and boundaries. Continuous and thick (0.5 - 0.6 mm).
Hidden lines:
Hidden lines represent edges and boundaries that cannot be seen. Dashed and medium thick (0.35 - 0.45 mm).
Line Types
Center lines:
Represent axes of symmetry. Long dash short dash and thin
(0.3 mm).
Line Types
Phantom line:
Phantom lines are used to indicate imaginary features.
alternate positions of moving parts adjacent positions of related parts
The line type is long dash short dash short dash and the line weight is usually thin (0.3 mm).
Line Types
Dimension and Extension lines:
Dimension and extension lines are used to show the size of an object.
In general, a dimension line is placed between two extension lines and is terminated by arrowheads, which indicates the direction and extent of the dimension.
The line type is continuous and the line weight is thin (0.3 mm).
Line Types
Cutting Plane line:
Cutting plane lines are used to show where an imaginary cut has been made through the object in order to view interior features. The line type is phantom and the line weight is very thick (0.6 to 0.8 mm). Arrows are placed at both ends of the cutting plane line to indicate the direction of sight.
Line Types
Section line:
Section lines are used to show areas that have been cut by the cutting plane. Section lines are grouped in parallel line patterns and usually drawn at a 45 angle. The line type is usually continuous and the line weight is thin (0.3 mm).
Line Types
Break line:
Break lines are used to show imaginary breaks in objects. A break line is usually made up of a series of connecting arcs. The line type is continuous and the line weight is usually thick (0.5 0.6 mm).
Line Precedence
If two lines occur in the same place, the line that is considered to be the least important is omitted.
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Orthographic Projection
Orthographic projection is a system of drawing to represent 3D objects by using multipleview drawings Ortho right (for right angle or straight ) the 3D object is projected perpendicularly onto a projection plane with parallel projectors
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Introduction
Orthographic projection = 2-D representation of a 3-D object.
Introduction
An orthographic projection represents different sides of an object.
Object
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Projection Systems
Object
Projection Systems
Hold the object and project to the screen or mirrors at the back
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From inside the box the image of the object falls on three surfaces
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Coming with the three plans in your hands the shadow of the objects fall on them
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When you hold the mirrors (three planes) towards the object 3rd angle project
When you hold the object towards a mirror first angle project
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Projection symbols
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Plan View
Drawing paper
Front View
Side view
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Drawing Bolts
D represents the major diameter. Nuts are drawn in a similar fashion.