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Current Electricity
Current Electricity
Current Electricity
q I t
Low Potential
Electron Pump
High Potential
Alternating Current (A.C.) Flow of electrons at first in one direction and then the other direction.
Generator In your House 60 Hertz
L R A
R is resistance, L is length,
Ohms Law
Ohms Law stated The ratio of V/I is a constant, where V is the voltage applied across a piece of material (such as wire) and I is the current through the material. R is the resistance of the piece of material.
Units: Ohms (W) = Volt/amp Voltage Resistance Current
V R I
Electric Power
When there is current (I) in a circuit as a result of a voltage (V), the electric power (P) delivered to the circuit is: Power current voltage P I V
Units: watts = amp x volt = J/s
Electric Power
Many electrical devices become hot when provided with sufficient electric power. Toasters, irons, space heaters, heating elements in electric stoves, and incandescent light bulbs. In such cases it is possible to obtain two equivalent power equations
PI R When electric energy is transferred into thermal energy in a resistor, the increase in thermal energy is:
2
V2 P R
Q I Rt
2
Circuit closed loop in which current can flow Basic simple circuit
Voltage source Voltage uses conducting connections (wire)
Schematic Symbols
Draw symbol for battery and indicate + and - terminals Draw wire from + to the voltage user and draw its symbol. If a point where there are two current paths, draw connection symbol and follow one path to the user. Return to the second path and draw to its user and continue until paths join. Follow path to the - terminal Check work Connect ammeter in series Connect voltmeter in parallel
Objectives
Describe the configuration of a working circuit Interpret circuit diagrams Describe the characteristics of series connections Determine equivalent resistance of circuits having two or more resistors. Explain the cause of short circuits Homework:
Read Pages 531-541 Pg 534 #1-3, Pg 537 # 6-9
Series Circuits
Only one path for current to follow User followed by another user (ie. Resistor followed by a light)
Vequ V1 V2 V3 ...
Current is the same for each user The effective resistance is the sum of all resistors in the series
Requ R1 R2 R3 ...
The sum of the voltage drop is equal to the total voltage drop
Vequ V1 V2 V3 ...
Parallel Circuits
Total current in the circuit is the sum of the current in all its paths (branches) I tot I 1 I 2 I 3 ... The equivalent resistance decreases with more parallel resistors
1 1 1 1 ... Requ R1 R2 R3
Objectives
Describe the configuration of a working circuit Distinguish between series and parallel circuits Describe the characteristics of series connections and of parallel connections. Interpret circuit diagrams Determine equivalent resistance of circuits having two or more resistors. Explain the cause and prevention of overloading household circuits. Homework:
Read Pages 531-541 Pg 534 #1-3, Pg 537 # 6-9