Tabulating and Graphing Categorical Data: Univariate Data

Categorical Data

Tabulating Data The Summary Table

Graphing Data

Pie Charts Bar Charts Pareto Diagram

Summary Table
(University Revenues) Revenue Category Patient Services Tuition/fees Appropriations Grants/Contracts Total Amount
(in thousands $)

Percentage 42.27 29.09 14.09 14.55 100

46.5 32 15.5 16 110

Variables are Categorical.

Graphing Categorical Data: Univariate Data

Categorical Data

Tabulating Data The Summary Table

Graphing Data

Pie Charts
CD S a vin g s

B onds

S toc k s

Bar Charts
0 10 20 30 40 50

Pareto Diagram
45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 S toc k s B onds S a vin g s CD 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

Bar Chart
Enrollment Summary

1s t Prof Grad Unclas s Seniors Juniors Sophomores Fres hmen 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Pie Chart
(for a factbook)
Students by Classification Seniors 15% Freshmen 42%

Sophomores 14%

Juniors

29%

Percentages are rounded to the nearest percent.

Pareto Diagram
Axis for bar chart shows % in each category
45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

Axis for line graph shows cumulative %

Tabulating and Graphing Bivaria Categorical Data

Contingency Tables Side by Side Charts

Tabulating Categorical Data: Bivariate Data

Contingency Table: Enrollment by College
Enrollment Category Freshmen Sophomores Juniors Seniors Total A&S 46 32 15 16 109 BUS 55 44 20 28 147 NRS 27 19 13 7 66 Total 128 95 48 51 322

Graphing Categorical Data: Bivariate Data

Side by Side Chart
1st Prof Grad Unclass Seniors Juniors Sophomores Freshmen 0 200 400 A&S 600 AH 800 NS 1000 1200

 Organizing Numerical Data:

The Ordered Array and Stem-leaf Display

Tabulating and Graphing Numerical Data:

Frequency Distributions: Tables, Histograms, Polygons Cumulative Distributions: Tables, the Ogive

 Tabulating and Graphing Univariate Categorical Data:

The Summary Table Bar and Pie Charts, the Pareto Diagram

Tabulating and Graphing Bivariate Categorical Data:

Contingency Tables Side by Side Bar charts Graphical Excellence and Common Errors in

Presenting Data

Organizing Numerical Data

Numerical Data
41, 24, 32, 26, 27, 27, 30, 24, 38, 21

Ordered Array
21, 24, 24, 26, 27, 27, 30, 32, 38, 41

Frequency Distributions Cumulative Distributions Ogive Polygons

Stem and Leaf Display

2 144677

3 028 4 1

Histograms Tables

Organizing Numerical Data:

Data in Raw form (as collected):
24, 26, 24, 21, 27, 27, 30, 41, 32, 38

Date Ordered from Smallest to Largest:

21, 24, 24, 26, 27, 27, 30, 32, 38, 41

Stem and Leaf display:

2 3 4

144677 028 1

Tabulating and Graphing Numerical Data

Numerical Data
41, 24, 32, 26, 27, 27, 30, 24, 38, 21

Ordered Array
21, 24, 24, 26, 27, 27, 30, 32, 38, 41

Frequency Distributions Cumulative Distributions

120 100 80 60 40 20 0 10 20 30

O give

40

50

60

Stem and Leaf Display

2 144677

Histograms
7 6 5 4

Ogive Polygons

3 028 4 1

Tables

3 2 1 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Tabulating Numerical Data: Frequency Distributions (continued)

Data in ordered array:
12, 13, 17, 21, 24, 24, 26, 27, 27, 30, 32, 35, 37, 38, 41, 43, 44, 46, 53, 58

Class
10 but under 20 20 but under 30 30 but under 40 40 but under 50 50 but under 60 Total

Relative Frequency Frequency Percentage

3 6 5 4 2 20 .15 .30 .25 .20 .10 1 15 30 25 20 10 100

Graphing Numerical Data: The Histogram

Data in ordered array:
12, 13, 17, 21, 24, 24, 26, 27, 27, 30, 32, 35, 37, 38, 41, 43, 44, 46, 53, 58
H is t o g r a m

6 5 4 3 2

Fr e q u e n c y

6 5 4 3 2 1 0 5 15 25 0

No Gaps Between Bars

0 More

36

45

55

Class Midpoints

Graphing Numerical Data: The Frequency Polygon

Data in ordered array:
12, 13, 17, 21, 24, 24, 26, 27, 27, 30, 32, 35, 37, 38, 41, 43, 44, 46, 53, 58
Frequenc y

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 5 15 25 36 45 55 More

Class Midpoints

Tabulating Numerical Data: Cumulative Frequency

Data in ordered array:
12, 13, 17, 21, 24, 24, 26, 27, 27, 30, 32, 35, 37, 38, 41, 43, 44, 46, 53, 58

Class 10 but under 20 20 but under 30 30 but under 40 40 but under 50 50 but under 60

Cumulative Frequency 3 9 14 18 20

Cumulative % Frequency 15 45 70 90 100

Graphing Numerical Data: The Ogive (Cumulative % Polygon)

Data in ordered array:
12, 13, 17, 21, 24, 24, 26, 27, 27, 30, 32, 35, 37, 38, 41, 43, 44, 46, 53, 58
O g iv e

120 100 80 60 40 20 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Principles of Excellence
Substance Statistics Design

Graphical

Well designed presentation of data that provides:

Communicates complex ideas with clarity, precision and efficiency Gives the largest number of ideas in the most efficient manner Almost always involves several dimensions Requires telling the truth about the data

Presentation Summary
Organized Numerical Data:
The Ordered Array and Stem-leaf Display

Tabulated and Graphed Numerical Data

Frequency Distributions: Tables, Histograms, Polygons Cumulative Distributions: Tables, the Ogive

Presentation Summary
(continued)

Tabulated and Graphed Univariate Categorical Data:

The Summary Table
Bar and Pie Charts, the Pareto diagram

Tabulated and Graphed Bivariate Categorical Data:

Contingency Tables Side by Side charts

Discussed Graphical Excellence and Common Errors in Presenting Data