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Chemistry 5 Chemical Bonding
Chemistry 5 Chemical Bonding
Chapter 5
Li + F Li+ F -
1s22s11s22s22p5 [He]
1s2[2Ne]
1s 2s22p6
Li Li+ + e-
e +- F F -
Li+ + F - Li+ F -
F + F F F
7e- 7e- 8e- 8e-
Lewis structure of F2
H + O + H H O H or H O H
2e-8e-2e-
O C O or O C O
8e- 8ebonds
double -
8e- double bonds
N N or N N
8e-8e
triple -
bond
triple bond
Bond
Length
Bond Type
(pm)
C-C 154
C=C 133
C≡C 120
C-N 143
C=N 138
Bond Lengths
C≡N 116
Triple bond < Double Bond < Single Bond
electron rich
electron poor
region
region e- poor e- rich
H F H F
δ+ δ-
0 Covalent
≥2 Ionic
0 < and <2 Polar Covalent
Intermolecular vs Intramolecular
• 41 kJ to vaporize 1 mole of water (inter)
• 930 kJ to break all O-H bonds in 1 mole of water (intra)
Generally,
intermolecular “Measure” of intermolecular force
forces are much boiling point
weaker than melting point
intramolecular ∆Hvap
forces.
Imran Syakir Mohamad Chemistry DACS 1233 14
Intermolecular Forces
Dipole-Dipole Forces
Ion-Dipole Forces
Ion-Dipole Interaction
Dispersion
forces usually
increase with
molar mass.
Imran Syakir Mohamad Chemistry DACS 1233 18
What type(s) of intermolecular forces exist between
each of the following molecules?
HBr
HBr is a polar molecule: dipole-dipole forces. There are
also dispersion forces between HBr molecules.
CH4
CH4 is nonpolar: dispersion forces.
S O
SO2 O
SO2 is a polar molecule: dipole-dipole forces. There are
also dispersion forces between SO2 molecules.
Imran Syakir Mohamad Chemistry DACS 1233 19
Intermolecular Forces
Hydrogen Bond
The hydrogen bond is a special dipole-dipole interaction
between they hydrogen atom in a polar N-H, O-H, or F-H bond
and an electronegative O, N, or F atom.
A H--B or A H--A
A & B are N, O, or F