Heat that must be transfer to raise or lower

the temperature of a substances.

Quantity of heat required to produced
temperature can be determine from first law
of thermodynamics.
. .
Q = U (Closed System)
. .
Q = H (Open System)


To determine the sensible heat requirement
for a heating or cooling process, ability in
determining U or H for specified
temperature change is necessary.

Specific internal energy of a substances
depend strongly on temperature.


Devided into two categories:

Heat capacity at constant volume denoted by
Cv
Heat capacity at constant pressure denoted
by Cp





0
2
1
2
1
( ) lim
( )
( )
( )
T
T
T
T
P
T
U U
Cv T p
T T
dU Cv T dT
U Cv T dT
U C T dT

| |
A c

= =
|
`
|
A c

) \ .
=
A =
A ~
}
}
0
2
1
2
1
( ) lim
( )
( )
( )
P
T
P
T
P
T
T
P
T
H H
C T p
T T
d H C T dT
H C T dT
H V P C T dT

| |
A c

= =
|
`
|
A c

) \ .
=
A =
A = +
}
}
Expressed in any unit of energy per unit
amount per unit temperature interval
Example:
J/(mol.K) or Btu/(lbm.F)
Function of temperature and are expressed in
polynomial form:

Cp = a + bT + cT
2
+ dT
3




Simple relationship between CpCv in two
cases:
Liquids and solids: CpCv
Ideal gases: Cp=Cv + R

Where:
R=gas constant
Polynomial expression for Cp:

Refer Table B.2
Usually based on experimental data for
listed compounds
Provide a basis for accurate calculations of
enthalpy changes

Kopps rule:
A simple empirical method for estimating
the heat capacity of a solid or liquid at or
near 20C

Cp for a molecular compound is the sum
of contributions (given in Table B.10) for
each element in the compound

(Cp)ca(OH)2 =(Cpa)ca + 2(Cpa)o+2(Cpa)H
= [26+(2 X 17) +(2X 9.6)]J/(molC)
= 79 J/(mol.C)

1.The heat capacity at constant pressure of
hydrogen cyanide is given by the expression




/( . ) 35.3 0.0291 ( ) p C J mol c T c
(
=

+
a) Write an expression for heat capacity at
constant volume for HCN, assuming ideal gas
behavior


b)Calculate H(J/mol) for the constant
pressure process


( , 25 , 0.80 ) ( ,100 , 0.80 ) HCN V C atm HCN V C atm
c) Calculate U( J/mol) for the constant volume
process


( , 25 , 50 3/ ) ( ,100 , 50 3/ ) HCN V C m kmol HCN V C m kmol