Ch.

17 Reaction and Revolution

Chapter Goals
Outline

the changes made by the delegates of the Congress of Vienna Identify examples of Nationalism Outline the steps leading to unification in Italy and in Germany List the names of well-known romantic writers and musicians and identify at least one major work of each

Congress of Vienna

1814 Negotiating how to restore Europe after Napoleon Also a social occasion

Meetings were small and often held in secret Meetings were dominated by:

Wives were present and everyone attended parties, concerts, masquerades, etc.

Lord Castlereagh, Foreign Minister of Great Britain Czar Alexander I, Russia Prince von Metternich, Foreign Minister of Austria

Congress of Vienna

Metternich was main figure at Congress

Was a reactionary: restore Europe to pre-revolution conditions 1815-1848 is often referred to as the age of Metternich because of his strong influence Active figure in the French Revolution and under Napoleons regime Worked to secure a favorable settlement for France

Talleyrand, Representative of France

Most Europeans hoped the results would center around Enlightened ideas

Results

The leaders however were more concerned with political stability and balance of power

Results
The

France issue:

The leaders were lenient. Feared harsh penalties would anger the French and create instability in Europe Reduced its borders to its 1792 size Had to pay indemnities: Pay countries for war damages Surround France with strong countries
Netherlands

in the North Prussia and German states in the East Sardinia in the South

Restored Bourbon Monarchy Louis XVIII

Results
European

Countries

Those who lost territory and those who helped defeat Napoleon received territory The Congress wanted to prevent another nation from doing what Napoleon did
Especially

Power

because of the rivalries the countries had Britain, France and Austria signed a treaty to use force if Prussia or Russia tried to gain more power

Russia and Prussia backed down from a lot of their demands

 When

they were almost done Napoleon escaped from Elba and they had to go back to war
The Duke of Wellington lead the defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo

Results

They

finally got the deal done

It covered the issues of; encirclement, legitimacy, compensation, and balance of power But it did not address the issues of Nationalism and Liberalism The new borders did not address the issue of nationalities

This would lead to an explosion in Europe that would lead to several revolts