Introduction to Class

Object-Oriented Programming

Module Introduction

1.

Classes and Objects Instance variables Methods Initializer

2.

3.

4.

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#1 Classes and Objects

Class declaration Constructors Creating objects

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Creating Class

The template or blueprint from which objects are actually made.

Syntax: class ClassName{ //definition of class } All code that you write in Java is inside a class.

Classes can be built by extending other classes

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Constructor - how to instance an object?

Same name as the class. A class can have more than one constructor. A constructor can take zero, one, or more parameters.

Has no return value.

Always called with the new operator. Use for initializing variables and invoking any methods that may be for initialization. If a class does not have an explicit constructor, a default constructor (no-argument) is provided.
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Dissecting the Rectangle class

Name of class
1. Use Naming rules

Data member

2. Always captain first letter

data does it need to 3. What Use Noun for naming Constructor know? Define the way to instance object

1. Same name as the class name Methods 2. Like function in C but return value Whathave can no it do? 1. Like function in C 2. Use Verb for naming 3. Always lower first letter
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Creating objects (instance object)

An object must be created before using in a program.

1.

Declare a variable to store the object reference. 1. Objects can only be manipulated via references
Creating an object. 1. Using the new operator in conjunction with a call to a constructor

2.

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#2 Data Member

Instance Variables Class Variables

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Instance variables

The values of those variables define the state of object. All instances of a class have the same instance variables May have different values inside them. Has an access modifier associated with it.

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Example of Instance variables

recA
length = 3.0 width = 4.0

recB
length = 6.4 width = 4.7

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Class Variables (Static Variables)

Variable that is accessed without using an object of a class. Declare using the static keyword. Only one copy of a static variable is shared by all the objects of the class. Change in the value of static variable is reflected by all the objects of the class.
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Example of Static Variables

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#3 - Methods

Definition Instance Method Calling method and Passing Arguments by Value. Calling method and Passing Arguments by Reference. Static Methods Variable Argument Methods

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Method

A method is defined as the actual implementation of an operation on an object. Syntax:

access_specifier modifier datatype method_name (parameter_list) { //body of the method }

The method name should begin with a lowercase verb and follow with a proper noun.

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Instance Method

A function defined in a class Invoked by an instance object and can access instance variables Provide a mechanism for accessing the private data stored in an object

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Invoking Methods

Using the '.' operator

Syntax: <the object reference> . <the method to be invoked>

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Calling method and Passing Arguments by Value.

Value from calling method is passed as an argument to the called method. Any change made to that passed value in the called method will not modify the value in the calling method. Variables of primitive types (int, float ..) are passed by value.

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Example of Calling method and Passing Arguments by Value.

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Calling method and Passing Arguments by Reference.

Called method to change the value of the parameter passed to if from the calling method. When references are passed as parameters, the caller can change the values stored but not the reference variables.

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Example of Calling method and Passing Arguments by Reference

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Static Methods

Methods that do not operate on objects. Can be called without creating any objects of the class. Call static method, supply the name of the class.

Declared using the static keyword.

Can directly refer only to static variables and other static methods of the class. Cannot refer to non-static methods and variables

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Example of Static Methods

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static methods usage

When a method doesn't need to access the object state When a method only needs to access static fields of the class.

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Variable Argument Methods

Allow calling a method with variable number of arguments.

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#4 - Initializer

Concept Object Field Initializer

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Concept of Initializer

Initializers are small pieces of code embedded in curly braces that perform initialization:

class block class field object block object field

class Test { static boolean b;// Automatic static double d=1.2; // Explicit static { System.out.println (Block"); System.out.println (d); } }

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Object Field Initializer

Object field initializers also known as instance initializers

Are declared inside a class, but outside the constructor and method definitions.

public class A { //instance field initializer float price=9.50F; String str1; String str2; //instance block initializer { str1 = AAA; str2 = BBB; } public static void main(String[] args) { } }

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Thats about all for today!

Classes and Objects

Instance variables
Methods

Initializer

Thank you all for your attention and patient !