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Turkey: Bridge To The West
Turkey: Bridge To The West
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Prehistoric Turkey Greek and Roman Empire (Sidon, Ephesus, Pergama) Christian Empire (Constantinople 3rd Century to 14th Century) Ottoman Empire (Istanbul) 12001922
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Prehistoric Turkey Greek Empire (Sidon, Ephesus, Pergama) Roman Empire Christian Empire (Constantinople 3rd Century to 14th Century) Ottoman Empire (Istanbul)
Neolithic: Hacilar
Catal Hoyuk
Neolithic Enthroned goddess.
Baked clay Found in grain bin of shrine Leopard throne Giving birth to male child
Prehistoric Turkey
Kybele
Prehistory mother goddess of fertility and abundance Hittites as Heptat and sun goddess Lydians and Phrygians as Kybele Links to Egyptian goddess Ishtar (goddess of life) and Greek goddess Artemis
Neolithic period
Catalca Hoyuk Burials under houses Mother goddess, bulls, stag sacred
Sun Disks
Early Bronze Age, adorned with sacred bulls and stags. May represent the sun
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Prehistoric Turkey Greek and Roman Empire (Sidon, Ephesus, Pergama) Roman Empire Christian Empire (Constantinople 3rd Century to 14th Century) Ottoman Empire (Istanbul)
Pammukale, once Hierapolis, was founded 190 BCE, a healing center until 1334 when earthquakes caused people to move away
Heriapolis
Temple of Apollo
Roman Theater
Foundation of stage showing Roman arch Next slide: detail of Proscenium
Hierapolis
Roman road to the Agora (marketplace)
Hierapolis
Frontius Street or Main Street, 1st Century under Emperor Domitian
Hierapolis
People still bathe in sacred pool of hot springs complete with submerged Roman columns
Back to Istanbul
Istanbul
Hippodrome with obelisk from Thutmosis III
Roman Istanbul
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Prehistoric Turkey Greek and Roman Empire (Sidon, Ephesus, Pergama) Christian Empire (Constantinople 3rd Century to 14th Century) Ottoman Empire (Istanbul)
Hagia Sophia
Hagia Sophia
105 foot dome about 184 feet up 200,000 sq. ft of painted mosaics destroyed by Crusaders 1204 or painted over by Ottomans 1453
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Prehistoric Turkey Greek and Roman Empire (Sidon, Ephesus, Pergama) Christian Empire (Constantinople 3rd Century to 14th Century) Ottoman Empire (Istanbul) 13001922
Goreme
Derinkuyu
Underground city at Derinkuyu c. 280 feet deep Cruciform church at lowest level Can visit about 10%
Ilhara Valley
Selime Monastery
Selime Monastery
Selime Monastary
Selime Church
Oldest rock cut churches have frescoes painted directly on the rock
Dark Church
Decoration typical of iconoclastic period (725-842) when images of people or animals were prohibited Note Maltese Cross on nave above courtyard (next slide)
Apple Church
Entryway Frescoes inside church painted on plaster undercoating
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Prehistoric Turkey Greek Empire (Sidon, Ephesus, Pergama) Roman Empire Christian Empire (Constantinople 3rd Century to 14th Century) Ottoman Empire (Istanbul) Topkapi Palace, Whirling Dervish)
Back to Istanbul
Seljuk Carpets
Extraordinary size Made for mosque 1221 Note kufic interlacing and tulip motif
Turkish Carpets
Carpets of legend traced to 3,000 BCE
Life stories Holy narratives Flower codes
Konya Style
Prayer rug, 12th Century
Holbein Carpets
Hans Holbein 1497-1543 Note design of large octagons down central axis, large scale, and knotted borders with stylized kufic calligraphy
Lotto Carpets
Lorenzo Lotto 1480-1556 Italy Note repeating octagons, and full and half palmettes linked by tendrils. Earlier carpets have kufic interlacing; later use Chinese clouds or scrollwork.
Whirling Dervish
Mystical poetry, music and dance Mevlana Rumi, Sufi poet c. 12001275 His son founded the Mevlevi order (meditative turning)
Beth Camp Pictures and Notes taken in Turkey, 2004 bluebethley@yahoo.com www.bethcamp.blogspot.com