Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Management Inforemation System
Management Inforemation System
Management Inforemation System
MIS
5/31/2013
Definition
2
MIS is an integrated man-machine system that provides information to support the planning and control functions of managers in an organization.
MIS
5/31/2013
MIS
Management information system (MIS) is a system or process that provides information needed to manage organizations effectively. are regarded to be a subset of the overall internal controls procedures in a business, which cover the application of people, documents, technologies, and procedures used by management accountants to solve business problems such as costing a product, service or a business-wide strategy. are distinct from regular information systems in that they are used to analyze other information systems applied in operational activities in the organization.
5/31/2013
Management functions
4
Planning
Devise short-range and long-range plans and set goals to help achieve the plans
Organizing
How to use resources
Staffing
Managing employees
Directing
Guiding employees to perform their work
Controlling
Monitoring progress towards goals
MIS
5/31/2013
Comprehensive
Integrated
Coordinated Transformation of data into information
Relevant information
Conformation with managers styles and
5/31/2013
MIS
5/31/2013
MIS
5/31/2013
COMPONENTS OF MIS
8
MIS
5/31/2013
MIS
5/31/2013
Subsystems of MIS can be identified on following bases: Levels of management Management functions Organizational functions MIS support facilities
MIS
5/31/2013
MIS architecture
11
Production, marketing, finance, personnel MIS Support facilities Hardware , software, database, MIS professionals
MIS
5/31/2013
MIS Professionals
12
System Analyst
Database Administrator Network Specialist
Programmer
Operator
MIS
5/31/2013
Decision making
Strategic planning
Management control Operational planning and control
MIS
5/31/2013
MIS REPORTING
14
HISTORIC REPORTS
PERIODIC REPORTS
SUMMNARY REPORTS EXCEPTION
DETAILED
MIS
5/31/2013
Design of MIS
15
management Listing objectives of MIS and anticipated benefits Identifying system constraints (internal and external) Determining information needs and resources Developing alternative conceptual design and selecting one Implanting the design
MIS
5/31/2013
16
of an MIS system has been by applying the following evaluations: High level of use - Is it actually used? Some systems dont become operational for reasons such as it taking too long to enter data. High level of user satisfaction - Do users like the systems? Accomplishment of original objectives - Have the objectives specified in the analysis stage been achieved? Appropriate nature of use - Is the software being correctly used? Has proper training been given? Institutionalization of the system - Has it been taken on board enthusiastically?
5/31/2013
MIS
Pitfalls in MIS
17
Cost of Technology Upgrades Training Needs MIS as Distraction Misconceptions Too Much Information
MIS
5/31/2013
18
STEPS IN PLANNING 1. Selecting objectives 2. Identifying activities required to achieve the stipulated objectives 3. Describing the resources or skills, or both, necessary to perform the activities 4. Defining the duration of each activity to be undertaken 5. Determining the sequence of the activities
MIS
5/31/2013
19
DESIGN: Organization-chart approach Integrate-later approach Data-collection approach Database approach Top-down approach
MIS
5/31/2013
21
stored and maintained. The database approach is more and more accepted for two main reasons: first, because of data independence it allows for easier system development, even without attempting a complete MIS; and second, it provides management with immediate access to information required. Top-down approach: The top-down approach involves defining the information needs for successive layers of management. If information required at the top remains relatively stable in terms of level of detail, content and frequency, the system could fulfill MIS requirements (Zani, 1970). The usefulness of this approach depends on the nature of the organization. It can be suitable for those organizations where there is a difference in the type of information required at the various levels. Total-system approach: In this approach the interrelationships of the basic information are defined prior to implementation. Data collection, storage and processing are designed and done within the framework of the total system. This approach can be successfully implemented in organizations which are developing.
MIS
5/31/2013
MIS systems are complex and expensive pieces of software, and many people are involved with the design both within the organization and from outside. MIS failures can be expensive and bring bad publicity to all parties. They can arise due to:
Inadequate analysis - problems, needs and constraints
arent understood in the early stages. Lack of management involved in the design wrong expectations of a new system / no-one understands the system. Emphasis on the computer system Need procedures for handling input and output / select the right hardware and software Concentration on low-level data processing Information must be easily accessible and understood
MIS
5/31/2013
23
systems and capabilities managers know what they want from the system but dont understand the technology Lack of teamwork An ICT manager must coordinate the accounts, marketing, sales etc. departments and help everyone understand the benefits of the system Lack of professional standards All systems need clear documentation that all users can understand (not just the ICT literate)
MIS
5/31/2013