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    MDMA (Ecstasy) - Final Presentation

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    Nat Focha
    MDMA, also known as ecstasy, is a psychoactive drug that was first synthesized in the early 1900s but began being used recreationally in the 1970s. It predominantly affects the serotonin pathway in the brain and can cause both acute short-term effects like increased heart rate and euphoria as well as chronic long-term effects with repeated use such as depression, paranoia, and reduced serotonin levels in the brain. While MDMA was used experimentally as a psychotherapeutic tool in the 1970s, it is now a Schedule I controlled substance in the US due to its addictive properties and neurological harm.

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    MDMA (Ecstasy) - Final Presentation

    Uploaded by

    Nat Focha
    202 views12 pages
    MDMA, also known as ecstasy, is a psychoactive drug that was first synthesized in the early 1900s but began being used recreationally in the 1970s. It predominantly affects the serotonin pathway in the brain and can cause both acute short-term effects like increased heart rate and euphoria as well as chronic long-term effects with repeated use such as depression, paranoia, and reduced serotonin levels in the brain. While MDMA was used experimentally as a psychotherapeutic tool in the 1970s, it is now a Schedule I controlled substance in the US due to its addictive properties and neurological harm.

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    MDMA, also known as ecstasy, is a psychoactive drug that was first synthesized in the early 1900s but began being used recreationally in the 1970s. It predominantly affects the serotonin pathway in the brain and can cause both acute short-term effects like increased heart rate and euphoria as well as chronic long-term effects with repeated use such as depression, paranoia, and reduced serotonin levels in the brain. While MDMA was used experimentally as a psychotherapeutic tool in the 1970s, it is now a Schedule I controlled substance in the US due to its addictive properties and neurological harm.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    202 views12 pages

    MDMA (Ecstasy) - Final Presentation

    Uploaded by

    Nat Focha
    MDMA, also known as ecstasy, is a psychoactive drug that was first synthesized in the early 1900s but began being used recreationally in the 1970s. It predominantly affects the serotonin pathway in the brain and can cause both acute short-term effects like increased heart rate and euphoria as well as chronic long-term effects with repeated use such as depression, paranoia, and reduced serotonin levels in the brain. While MDMA was used experimentally as a psychotherapeutic tool in the 1970s, it is now a Schedule I controlled substance in the US due to its addictive properties and neurological harm.

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    MDMA

    By: Natalie Focha NS C177 Final Presentation

    What is Ecstasy? First synthesized in early 1900s by Merck, a German drug company Synthesized to suppress appetite. 1970s MDMA began to be used as a psychotherapeutic tool (t MDMA also began to be used recreationally in the 1970s. Drug classified as a Schedule I controlled substance in the US on the 31st of May, 1985. MDMA became one of the four more widely used illicit drugs in the US.

    History of MDMA

    Epidemiology & Administration


    Most often in tablet form and ingested orally. Onset of about 20-60 min. Coming up: 5-20 min. Euphoric effect: 3-5 hours. Coming down: usually 1-2 hrs. Use of MDMA has increased significantly over the past 2 decades. Between 2009-2010, 10th graders that have taken MDMA has risen from 3.7 to 4.7%. High school students associate less risk with MDMA; believe it is not harmful. Ecstasy users who visited the emergency ward increased 74.8% from 2004 to 2008.

    Overview of A Synapse

    Biology Behind MDMA


    MDMA predominantly affects serotonin pathway. Serotonin is involved in regulation of mood, emotion, aggression, sleep, appetite, anxiety, memory, and perceptions. Mechanism of MDMA effects on serotonin (also dopamine).

    Acute Drug Effects


    (Physiological & Psychological) Low Doses: Extreme confidence, feelings of affection, decreased anxiety, dilated pupils, tensing of facial muscles (jaw clenching), increase in heart rate & blood pressure, nausea, loss of appetite, sweating, chills, rapid eye movements, hypothermia. High doses: Convulsions, nausea, vomiting, floating sensations, manic/bizarre behavior, hallucination, paranoia, psychosis, hangovers (1-7 days).

    Chronic Effects (Physiological & Psychological)


    Paranoia Depression Hallucinations Overheating Convulsions Muscle breakdown Kidney and heart failure Death (example Anna Victoria Wood)

    Chronic Drug Effects (continued)


    Brain chemistry changes: Serotonin is reduced Serotonin metabolites are reduced Brain structure changes: Serotonin transporters reduced Serotonin terminals degenerate

    Monkey Experiment

    Issues & Consequences

    Demand for safrole, substance used for the manufacture of MDMA, is causing illicit harvesting of trees that produce safrole. Purity issues.

    Treatments of MDMA Abuse


    Short-term use: Abstinence? Long-term use: Counseling (abuse recovery groups) Cognitive Behavior modification Detoxification with sedatives

    References
    "Anna Wood (schoolgirl)." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 21 Mar. 2013. Web. 21 Mar. 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Wood_(schoolgirl)>. "Ecstasy Addiction, Abuse and Treatment." Ecstasy Addiction, Abuse and Treatment. Addiction Treatment Center, 20 Mar. 2013. Web. 21 Mar. 2013. <http://www.addictionsearch.com/treatment_articles/article/ecstasy-addiction-abuse-andtreatment_31.html>. "Ecstasy Health Issues." Ecstasy Health Issues. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Mar. 2013. <http://www.denverda.org/Prosecution_Units/Drug_Court/Ecstasy_Health_Issues.htm>. "Ecstasy Statistics." Ecstasy Statistics. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Mar. 2013. <http://www.ecstasy.ws/e-statistics.htm>. "Erowid MDMA Vault : Health." Erowid MDMA Vault : Health. N.p., 20 June 2012. Web. 21 Mar. 2013. <http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/mdma/mdma_health.shtml>. "Erowid MDMA Vaults : Water Intoxication Death 2001." Erowid MDMA Vaults : Water Intoxication Death 2001. N.p., 18 Mar. 2009. Web. 21 Mar. 2013. <http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/mdma/mdma_health6.shtml>. "The Neurobiology of Ecstasy (MDMA)." 1: How Does Ecstasy Work: Serotonin Pathways in the Brain. USA.gov, Jan. 2007. Web. 21 Mar. 2013. <http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/teaching-packets/neurobiology-ecstasy/sectionii/1-how-does-ecstasy-work-serotonin-pathways-in-brain>. Philip, Thrornton. "MDMA." Information from Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists', 12 Mar. 2013. Web. 21 Mar. 2013. <http://www.drugs.com/mdma.html>.

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