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Types of Water Based Muds
Types of Water Based Muds
1, Clear Water.
Fresh water and saturated brine can be used to drill hard, compacted and near normally pressured formations.
2, Native Mud.
This mud is made by pumping water down the hole during drilling and letting it to react with formations containing clays or shale. The water dissolves clay and returns as mud. This mud is characterized by its high solid contents and high filter loss resulting in thick filter cake.
3, Calcium Muds.
The swelling and hydration of clays and shales can be greatly reduced.
Calcium muds are superior to fresh water muds when drilling massive section of gypsum and anhydrite. The swelling of clay is reduced by 50% when the calcium concentration in water is 150ppm.
1, Lime Muds (containing up to 120 ppm soluble calcium). 2, Gyp Muds (containing up to 1200 ppm of soluble calcium with greater temperature stability)
4,Lignosulphonate Muds.(300F)
This mud type consists of fresh water, chrome or ferrochrome lignosulphonate, caustic soda, carboxyl methyl cellulose, or stabilized starch. This mud is suitable when, 1, high densities of muds are required( 14lb/gal). 2, High temperature stability about 250F to 300F. 3, High tolerance for contamination by drilled solids, common salt, anhydrite, gypsum and cement is required. 4, low filter loss is required.