UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL EXPERIMENTAL FRANCISCO DE MIRANDA REA DE EDUCACIN PROGRAMA DE EDUCACIN- MENCIN INGLS APPLIED LINGUISTICS

Teaching and Learning

Prof. Julio Reyes

Teaching and Learning

Teaching and learning. Basic conditions for teaching and learning English according to: Behaviorist, cognitive and constructivist perspectives.
Stephen Krashens hypothesis for second language acquisition: Distinction between acquisition and learning, input, monitor, affective filter and natural order hypotheses. Swains output hypothesis and Longs interaction hypothesis.

Prof. Julio Reyes

Teaching To help somebody learn something by giving information about it. Oxford Dictionary Learning To gain knowledge or skill by studying, from experience, from being taught, etc. Oxford Dictionary

Prof. Julio Reyes

Behaviorism
Behaviorism was the dominant learning theory in the first half of the 20th Century. It is an approach to psychology and learning that emphasizes observable measurable behaviour. It focuses only on objectively observable behaviours and discounts mental activities. It defines learning as a more or less permanent change in behaviour. The learner is viewed as passively adapting to their environment.

Prof. Julio Reyes

Teacher Is active in providing stimuli and prompting the correct response, reinforcement, drilling. Views errors as not enough conditioning. Without repetition and proper conditioning, students will make mistakes.
Environment It ishe most critical factor, meaning the arrangement of stimuli and consequences within the environment. The instruction focuses on conditioning the learner's behaviour. Learner

Behaviorism

Role of

Is viewed as a receiver; passively adapting to their environment.

Memory Is not specifically addressed, there is discussion on the acquisition of habits. Practicing habits maintains a learner's readiness to respond, disuse results in "forgetting" over time.

Prof. Julio Reyes

Cognitivism
Is a theory which attempts to answer how and why people learn by attributing the process to cognitive activity. It followed the behaviorist school of thought. The cognitivists quarrel with the behaviorists was that their focus on observable behavior did not account for what was going on in the mind.

Learning is a change in individuals' mental structures enabling them to show changes in behavior. It is based on the thought process behind the behavior. It focuses on what is in the learner's head coupled with the behavior.
Knowledge is the organization of a set of mental structures and problem-solving processes that the learner manipulates and restructures in response to new information and experience.

Prof. Julio Reyes

Teacher Assists the learner's application of the proper learning strategies. View errors as unsuccessful attempts to understand, order and act upon their environment in ways that make sense to them.

Cognitivism

Environment

Role of

Learner Is viewed as an active member in the learning process.

Memory Some concepts in first grade need to be memorized and practiced.

Prof. Julio Reyes

Constructivism

Is a theory which

Learning is It focuses on
Knowledge is

Prof. Julio Reyes

Cognitivism

Teacher

Environment

Role of

Learner .

Memory
.

Prof. Julio Reyes

Stephen

Krashens

hypothesis

for

second

language

acquisition: Distinction between acquisition and learning, input, monitor, affective filter and natural order hypotheses. Swains output hypothesis and Longs interaction hypothesis.

Prof. Julio Reyes

Prof. Julio Reyes