Digital IC Family

Digital IC

Introduction
Digital ICs are more reliable by reducing the number of external interconnections from one device to another. Before ICs, every circuit connection was from one discrete component to another.

Cont.,
A logic family refers to digital integrated circuit devices which are constructed with a combination

of electronic gates.
A family has its own power supply voltage and distinct logic levels.

Cont.,
Each family has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. Also within each family, there is a range of voltages which may be high level or low level.

Cont.,
The various logic families can be placed into two brand categories according to the IC fabrication process. Bipolar Metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS)

Bipolar Logic family

Metal-oxide semiconductor Logic family

Bipolar Logic families

The important elements of a bipolar IC are resistors, transistors and diodes. Based on the two main operations of bipolar ICs, i.e., Saturated

Non-saturated.

Saturated bipolar Logic families

Resistor-Transistor Logic (RTL) Direct-Coupled Transistor Logic (DCTL) Diode-Transistor Logic (DTL) High Threshold Logic (HTL) Transistor-Transistor Logic (TTL) Integrated-Injection Logic (IIL)

Resistor-Transistor Logic (RTL)

Direct-Coupled Transistor Logic (DCTL)

Diode-Transistor Logic (DTL)

High Threshold Logic (HTL)

Transistor-Transistor Logic (TTL)

Integrated-Injection Logic (IIL)

Non saturated Logic families

Schottky TTL
Emitter-coupled Logic (ECL)

Emitter-coupled Logic (ECL)

Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS)

The MOS families include PMOS NMOS CMOS p-channel MOSFETs n-channel MOSFETs Complementary MOSFETs

PMOS p-channel MOSFETs

NMOS n-channel MOSFETs

CMOS Complementary MOSFETs

Characteristics of Digital ICs

Speed of operation Power dissipation

Fan-in
Fan-out

Cont.,
Noise immunity
Operating temperature Power supply requirements

Speed of operation
The speed of operation of an IC is expressed in terms of propagation delay. Propagation delay is defined as the time taken for the output of a gate to change after the inputs have changed

Cont.,
The time difference between the application of input
and appearance of output is also called as propagation

delay.

Power dissipation
Power dissipation is the nature of the power consumed by a logic gate when fully driven by all its inputs. It is expressed in mill watts or nano watts

Fan in
The fan-in of a gate is the number of inputs connected to the gate without degradation in the voltage levels.

Fan out
Fan out is the maximum number of similar logic gates that a gate can drive without any degradation in voltage levels.

Noise immunity
The noise immunity of a logic circuit refers to the circuit
ability to tolerate noise without causing spurious

changes in the output voltage.

A quantitative measure of the noise immunity is called noise margin.

Operating Temperature
ALL IC gates are semiconductor devices that are temperature-sensitive by nature. The operating temperature ranges for and IC vary from 00 C to +700 C for consumer and industrial applications

and from -550 C to + 1250 C for military applications

Power supply requirements

The amount of power and supply voltage required by an
IC are the main parameters to be taken into

consideration while choosing a proper power supply

The End

Thank you
M.S.P.V.L. Polytechnic College, Pavoorchatram.