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Design of Analysis
Design of Analysis
= + + + + =
13
5.3.2 Statistical Analysis of the Fixed Effects
Model
= = =
=
= =
= =
= =
= =
= =
= =
a
i
b
j
n
k
ijk
ij
ij
n
k
ijk ij
j
a
i
j
n
k
ijk j
i
b
j
i
n
k
ijk i
abn
y
y y y
n
y
y y y
an
y
y y y
bn
y
y y y
1 1
...
...
1
...
.
.
1
.
. .
1
. .
1
. .
..
1
..
1
..
14
2 2 2
... .. ... . . ...
1 1 1 1 1
2 2
. .. . . ... .
1 1 1 1 1
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
a b n a b
ijk i j
i j k i j
a b a b n
ij i j ijk ij
i j i j k
y y bn y y an y y
n y y y y y y
= = = = =
= = = = =
= +
+ + +
breakdown:
1 1 1 ( 1)( 1) ( 1)
T A B AB E
SS SS SS SS SS
df
abn a b a b ab n
= + + +
= + + +
15
Mean squares
2
1 1
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
)
) 1 (
( ) (
) 1 )( 1 (
) (
)
) 1 )( 1 (
( ) (
1
)) 1 /( ( ) (
1
)) 1 /( ( ) (
o
t|
o
|
o
t
o
=
=
+ =
=
+ = =
+ = =
= =
=
=
n ab
SS
E MS E
b a
n
b a
SS
E MS E
b
an
b SS E MS E
a
bn
a SS E MS E
E
E
a
i
b
j
ij
AB
AB
b
j
j
B B
a
i
i
A A
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The ANOVA table:
17
18
Response: Life
ANOVA for Selected Factorial Model
Analysis of variance table [Partial sum of squares]
Sum of Mean F
Source Squares DF Square Value Prob > F
Model 59416.22 8 7427.03 11.00 < 0.0001
A 10683.72 2 5341.86 7.91 0.0020
B 39118.72 2 19559.36 28.97 < 0.0001
AB 9613.78 4 2403.44 3.56 0.0186
Pure E 18230.75 27 675.21
C Total 77646.97 35
Std. Dev. 25.98 R-Squared 0.7652
Mean 105.53 Adj R-Squared 0.6956
C.V. 24.62 Pred R-Squared 0.5826
PRESS 32410.22 Adeq Precision 8.178
Example 5.1
19
DESIGN-EXPERT Pl ot
Li fe
X = B: Temperature
Y = A: Materi al
A1 A1
A2 A2
A3 A3
A: Material
Interaction Graph
L
i
f
e
B: Temperature
15 70 125
20
62
104
146
188
2
2
22
2
2
20
Multiple Comparisons:
Use the methods in Chapter 3.
Since the interaction is significant, fix the factor
B at a specific level and apply Turkeys test to
the means of factor A at this level.
See Page 174
Compare all ab cells means to determine which
one differ significantly
21
5.3.3 Model Adequacy Checking
Residual analysis:
= =
ij ijk ijk ijk ijk
y y y y e
DESIGN-EXPERT Pl ot
Li fe
Residual
N
o
r
m
a
l
%
p
r
o
b
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
Normal plot of residuals
-60.75 -34.25 -7.75 18.75 45.25
1
5
10
20
30
50
70
80
90
95
99
DESIGN-EXPERT Pl ot
Li fe
Predicted
R
e
s
i
d
u
a
l
s
Residuals vs. Predicted
-60.75
-34.25
-7.75
18.75
45.25
49.50 76.06 102.62 129.19 155.75
22
DESIGN-EXPERT Pl ot
Li fe
Run Number
R
e
s
i
d
u
a
l
s
Residuals vs. Run
-60.75
-34.25
-7.75
18.75
45.25
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36
23
DESIGN-EXPERT Pl ot
Li fe
Material
R
e
s
i
d
u
a
l
s
Residuals vs. Material
-60.75
-34.25
-7.75
18.75
45.25
1 2 3
DESIGN-EXPERT Pl ot
Li fe
Temperature
R
e
s
i
d
u
a
l
s
Residuals vs. Temperature
-60.75
-34.25
-7.75
18.75
45.25
1 2 3
24
5.3.4 Estimating the Model Parameters
The model is
The normal equations:
Constraints:
ijk ij j i ijk
y c t| | t + + + + = ) (
= =
= =
= = = =
= + + +
= + + +
= + + +
= + + +
ij ij j i ij
j
a
i
ij j
a
i
i j
i
b
j
ij
b
j
j i i
a
i
b
j
ij
b
j
j
a
i
i
y n n n n
y n an n an
y n n bn bn
y n an bn abn
) ( : ) (
) ( :
) ( :
) ( :
1 1
1 1
1 1 1 1
t| | t t|
t| | t |
t| | t t
t| | t
( ) ( ) 0 , 0 , 0
1 1 1 1
= = = =
= = = =
b
j
ij
a
i
ij
b
j
j
a
i
i
t| t| | t
25
Estimations:
The fitted value:
Choice of sample size: Use OC curves to choose
the proper sample size.
( )
+ =
=
=
=
y y y y
y y
y y
y
j i ij ij
j j
i i
t|
|
t
( )
= + + + =
ij ij j i ijk
y y t| | t
26
Consider a two-factor model without interaction:
Table 5.8
The fitted values:
+ = y y y y
j i ijk