Thermochemistry study of heat changes in chemical reactions Specific heat (s) = cal or joule g x C g x C - amount of heat needed to raise

e the temperature of one gram of substance by 1 C

ex. specific heat of NaCl = 0.204 cal g x C sp heat of H2O = 1.00 cal or 4.18 g x C g x C 1 cal = 4.18 joules

Heat capacity (C) - amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a given amount of substance by 1 C

C= mx s = g x cal = cal g xC C

Problem 1
If 8.5 g of metal, initially at 82 C is placed in 45.0 mL H2O at 20 C and the final temperature of metal and H2O is 22C. Calculate the specific heat (s) of the metal in cal/g x C q metal = - q water q metal = m x s x t = - q water = - (m x s x t ) Heat given off by the metal = heat absorbed by the H2O 45g x 1cal/ g x C x (22-20 C) = -90 calories absorbed by the H2O

s metal = - 90 cal = (8.5g)x -60 C

0.18 cal g x C

Problem 2 How many calories would be required to raise the temperature of 45 g NaCl from 25 C to 85 C. The sp heat of NaCl is 0.204 cal/ g x C q NaCl = m x s x t

45g x 0.204 cal x 60 C = 551 calories g x C

Problem 3 Calculate the no. of joules of heat required to raise the temp. of 125 g of Ag from 100 C to 250 C. The sp heat of Ag is 2.34 x 102 joule/ kg x K

q Ag = m x s x t 125 g x 1 kg x 2.34 x 10 2 j x 150K = 4.39 x 102 j 1000 g kg x K

Enthalphy (H) = heat change or change in heat content in a chemical reaction

H rxn = Hf products - Hf reactants

Q (Heat flow) in a reaction at constant pressure = H for the reaction(Hrxn)

Hf of a compound, is the Hrxn to form one mole of the compound from the elements in the standard state.

* The heat content of a free element in the std.

state is zero

Prob. 4 2C2H6 (g) + 7O2 (g) 4CO2 (g) + 6H2O + 750 kcal or 3135 kj a.Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic?

Exothermic rxn. (heat is given off) A + B C + D + kj. (heat) A+B C + D H = - kcal or kj Endothermic rxn. (heat is absorbed) A + B + heat C + D or A + B C + D H = kcal or kj

2C2H6 (g) + 7O2 (g) 4CO2 (g) + 6H2O + 750 kcal or 3135 kj

a. Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic? b. What is the Hrxn ? Hrxn = -750 kcal or -3135 kj c. What is the Hrxn for the reverse reaction? Hrxn =750 kcal or 3135kj d. What is the heat flow (Q) if the total equation is divided by 2 ? (Q) = -750/2 = - 375kcal

Problem 5 Calculate the Hrxn:

H rxn = Hf products
2 CH3OH (l) + 3O2 (g) Hf (kcal/mole) ( -57.0)

- Hf reactants
2CO2 (g) + 4H2O (g) (-94.1) (-57.8)

H rxn = Hf products

- Hf reactants

Hrxn = 2 (Hf CO2) + 4(Hf H2O) 2n(Hf CH3OH) = 2 n (-94.1 ) + 4n (-68.3) 2n (-57.0) = - 347.4 kcal

Problem 6 Calculate the amount of heat produced from the combustion of 10.0g C2H6 (w/c burns in O2) 10.0g C2H6 x 1mole C2H6 x 30g C2H6 750kcal 2 mole C2H6

=125 kcal or 522kj

Problem 7