Group members: Choo Yik Tze Lim Yi Ming Caroline Jiksing

Addition: - a mathematical operation that represents combining collections of objects together into a larger collection - is signified by the plus sign (+)

In the picture on the right, there are 3 + 2 apples meaning three apples and two other applesWhich is the same as five apples.

Subtraction: - the difference between two quantities or numbers - is denoted by the minus sign (-)

In the picture above, there are 5 apples altogether. Two of the apples are rotten. So, the total number of good apples left is five apples minus two apples and we get three apples (5 2 = 3)

Meaning of addition as:

(i) Combining two sets of discreet quantities - When two or more disjoint collections are combined into a single collection, the number of objects in the single collection is the sum of the number of objects in the original collections.

For example:

There are two sets of objects given. The first set consist of three objects and the second set comprises two objects. Adding up these two sets of objects gives us five objects (2 + 3 = 5)

(ii) Increment involving continuous quantities An increment is an increase of some amount, either fixed or variable. The action of increasing or becoming greater. For example one's salary may have a fixed annual increment or one based on a percentage of its current value.. Other example: 2,4,6, 8 = The increment of each number is 2 5%,10%,15%= The increment of each number is 5% 0.1, 0.2, 0.3= The increment of each number is 0.1 And other number that involving increment

Basic facts of addition:

Commutativity

Associativity
addition is associative tells us that the choice of definition is irrelevant. For any three numbers a, b, and c, it is true that (a + b) + c = a + (b + c).

Zero
When adding zero to any number, the quantity does not change; zero is the identity element for addition, also known as the additive identity. In symbols, for any a, a+0 = 0 + a = a.

One
For any integer a, the integer (a + 1) is the least integer greater than a, also known as the successor of a. Because of this succession, the value of some a + b can also be seen as the bth successor of a

Units
To numerically add physical quantities with units, they must first be expressed with common units

the terms in a sum can be reversed left-to-right, and the result will be the same as the last one. Symbolically, if a and b are any two numbers, then a + b = b + a.

Examples of the basic facts of addition: Commutativity Associativity Zero and one

Units
1 feet = 60 inches For example, if a measure of 5 feet is extended by 2 inches, the sum is (5X60) + 2 = 62 We get 62 inches since 60 inches is synonymous with 5 feet. On the other hand, it is usually meaningless to try to add 3 meters and 4 square meters, since those units are incomparable

In this case, 4+2=6 is the same as 2+4=6

From the diagram above, (3 + 1) + 2 = 3 + (1 + 2) =6

No matter the The order of shaded region is the operations does not 4 blocks or the 2 matter. blocks, the total sum would be 6.

For example, there are two bags of beans. One bag has five beans and another one has no beans. So when we add up all together, we still get 5 beans. 5+0=5 If the second bag has one bean, then 5+1=6

Basic facts of subtraction:

Non commutative For subtraction, the sequence in the mathematics sentence must be stated clearly. Associativity Subtraction is associative tells us that the choice of definition is irrelevant but the order of operations must be stated. For any three numbers a, b, and c, it is true that (a - b) + c = a (b + c).

Zero
Any number subtracted by zero is the original number and any number subtracted from itself equals zero. Example: 1. 10 0 = 10 2. 10 - 10 = 0

One
When an integer a is subtracted by one, the integer (a - 1) is the least integer less than a.

Units
To numerically minus physical quantities with units, they must first be expressed with common units

abba
Example: 10 8 8 - 10

For example: 10 1 = 9

For example: 1 m 80 cm =100cm - 80cm =20 cm

Relationship between addition and subtraction

There is an inverse relationship between addition and subtraction. A number fact is made up of three numbers. These three numbers can be used to make up other number facts. Look at the number facts we can make with the numbers 2, 3 and 5. Addition Facts 2+3=5 3+2=5 Subtraction Facts 53=2 52=3

For example, 3 + 7 = 10. If a math fact is considered, then the following are also true: 10 - 3 = 7 10 - 7 = 3 Similar relationships exist for subtraction, for example 10 - 3 = 7. Then the following are also true: 3 + 7 = 10 7 + 3 = 10 The reason for this is that we are dealing with an equation. An equation is balanced or the same on either side of the equals (=) sign. If exactly the same thing is done to both sides of the equation, it will still be balanced or equal.

In the example above we start with the equation 3 + 7 = 10 Subtract the same number from both sides 3 + 7 - 3 = 10 - 3 On the left side the 3 and -3 produce 0 which leaves 7 = 10 - 3 Turning the equation around to be in more normal form 10 - 3 = 7

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